Canadian International School and Asia Essay

There are certain things in life that are taken for granted. Some people would feel contented with what they have, while others would have a bigger yearning to become someone. Sometimes, what we yearn for in life becomes the very core of our existence, making us hardworking and persevering. My high school was spent in Asia, where I was exposed to numerous realities. I graduated from the Canadian International School and Asia, and I must say that I was provided with the necessary knowledge in order to become prepared for the real world. Eventually, I was given the opportunity to study at the NAME OF UNIVERSITY. The short time I spent there was enough for me to become equipped with the necessary knowledge that would allow me to follow my dreams. However, I believe that I would be able to spread my wings further if I studied at the NAME OF UNIVERSITY in Vancouver, Canada. For this, I am showing my interest in taking up NAME OF DEGREE from your university. Studying at the NAME OF UNVIERSITY would not come as a challenge, for I have been previously exposed to the Canadian way of teaching. In this regard, I would not have much difficulty adjusting to the culture, and instead become more proficient in class. I would become more comfortable with my environment, at the same time be able to express myself further in the best possible way that I can. As mentioned earlier, it is my belief that your university would become one of my keystones in achieving my goals in life. Although some would opt to think that the success of an individual is not based on the school, I beg to disagree. Some of the important factors to be learned in life are based on the foundation that institutions have inculcated in their students. Since I have been a product of a Canadian institution in high school, I wish to strengthen my knowledge and beliefs further with your help. Life is always about taking risks – these are the choices that we make in order to fulfill our dreams.

`In Another Country` By E. Hemingway Essay

Hemingway creates a powerful and true-to-life story about real experience of many soldiers who came home but remember all casualties and hardship they were faced with during the WWI. On the other hand, their stories full of bravery, honor and courage. They need to adapt to new world, but the only way for them is to change their habits and personal values. Settings and objects reflect inner psychological state of the characters and help readers to grasp the idea at once, follow plot development and conflict resolution. Thesis In the short story, settings and objects help the author to reflect inner psychological experience of soldiers and emotional burden of the war. The hospital serves as a symbol that represents pain and sufferings, death and hopes. This setting gives insight analysis of deep personal feelings of soldiers and their experience during this war time. Within the story Hemingway skillfully portrays casualties of the ar underlining the evolution of characters, their emotional state, caused by sufferings and enormous psychological burden carried by soldiers after the war. â€Å"We were all at the hospital every afternoon, and there were different ways of walking across the town through the dusk to the hospital† (Hemingway). According to Neiberg (2004), the war experience was the shock for the main characters who return home. Hemingway depicts that this is the most difficult time for all soldiers to come to grips with changes occurred in their native countries and communities. He symbolically describes this experience as ‘a bridge’ between war and old life. â€Å"You crossed a bridge across a canal to enter the hospital. There was a choice of three bridges† (Hemingway, n.d. ). This setting underlines that every solder can choose his life path, but all of them are joined by war memories and feelings. Deep human emotions embroil reality and imaginary world of the hero, but Hemingway leaves it to readers to decide what is the most important for the soldiers and what is real for them. The author gives only some hints to the reader to comprehend the meaning of the bridge. It implies not only wisdom, but also the whole life of a person, who has a right to choose which path to go, it represents isolation and rejection of reality. Hemingway describes only one of them underlining that the main characters were suppressed by circumstances and could choose their life path: â€Å"On one of them a woman sold roasted chestnuts† (Hemingway, n. d. ). In â€Å"In Another Country†, the town reflects inner psychological experience of the friends. The main setting, â€Å"the Cova†, appears in the story several times. The narrator pays a special attention to it which reflects his psychological experience and perception of events around him. The narrator uses the following descriptions of it: â€Å"Although, as we walked to the Cova through the though part of town, walking in the dark, with light and singing coming out of the wine-shops† (Hemingway, n. d. ). It is possible to say that the character development is â€Å"slow†, because the main heroes do not want to make any changes in their life resisting strongly modern world they enter (Nagel, 1996). Physical settings of the story depict new world and changes. To some extent, they reflect the personality of the men and their reaction towards new world. The setting of ‘the Cova’ symbolizes unity and friendship, mutual understanding and support. Psychological pressure is caused by war, but Hemingway portrays it symbolically through material and emotional experience, evolution of emotional perception of the world and values. â€Å"The girls at the Cova were very patriotic, and I found that the most patriotic people in Italy were the cafe girls – and I believe they are still patriotic† (Hemingway, n. d. ). Social context of the short story helps to understand resistance of the main characters to accept novelty. After the war, they come to another alien world they know nothing about. Hemingway does not speak directly but the main problem mentioned by Neiberg (2004) is that nobody wants to listen to old soldiers and their war stories being sick and tired of casualties of war. In the story Hemingway uses a lot of symbolic details that helps to unveil the message of the story and create a unique atmosphere of events take place after the war time. â€Å"Machine† represents the hope to recover. Although, many soldiers do not believe in this treatment method like â€Å"the major who came very regularly to the hospital. I do not think he ever missed a day, although I am sure he did not believe in the machines† (Hemingway, n. d. ). â€Å"Machine† represents escape from reality and society in general. On the other hand, ‘Machine’ shows that past experience is more essential for the main characters than their present and future. The character of the major teaches viewers to distinguish between social prestige and moral worth. The major’s attitude towards war is not accompanied by a moral decline but shows that there is no difference for society between true stories and imaginary tales. The main heroes try to escape from this new world and new setting in the hospital as the only possible way to overcome enormous emotional and psychological pressure. From the psychological point of view, the image of hero represented by the four men is caused by the feeling of personal freedom and courage. Social values help to form their individual identities and let them stand out from the crowd. In this case, the soldiers embody personal democracy which is closely connected with love and adventures. Hemingway took part in the WWI and knew from his own experience what courage meant (Meyers 1997). The medals are another important objects which reflects proud and courage. â€Å"We all had the same medals, except the boy with the black silk bandage across his face, and he had not been at the front long enough to get any medals† (Hemingway, n. d. ). Society’s response to heroism defines it as a set of behavior patters and beliefs that valued by the society. To some extent, the soldiers inherit the ideals of the dream, such as personal freedom and social justice. In some cases, world order and justice can be achieved only in blood battles with enemies, so the heroes had to use to use their physical strength against evil. They were persons who took risks: â€Å"I would imagine myself having done all the things they had done to get their medals† (Hemingway, n. d. ). Using the setting of the hospital, the symbol of the machine and medals, Hemingway depicts that the men live in the past where everything is familiar to them: battles, human relations, settings. Within the story Hemingway shows that the core difference between a soldiers and a civilian is in their inner perception of the world. A civilian does not constantly understand all the duties he might to discharge and obligations he might to carry out. As a soldier, a man does not rely upon the others; he is the only one who makes decisions and answer for the consequences (Bourne, 2001). â€Å"The three with the medals were like hunting-hawks; and I was not a hawk, although I might seem a hawk to those who had never hunted† (Hemingway, n. d. ). To some extent, the evolution of characters depicts the state of maturity which cannot be measured by knowledge level or life struggles. It is an attitude of a soldier towards life, his ability to rule it and the ability to accept the reality. Through the settings and objects unveils Hemingway the issue of moral health of the soldiers and evolution of personality. He depicts that in spite of all the negative life lessons soldiers understand what it is to be an individual. Hemingway shows that the inner state of the soldiers has changed. On the other hand, war causes people to become insensitive. The settings of the hospital and the town are powerful reflecting inner state of the men and giving some hints to readers to imagine their feelings and emotional state. Through the detailed settings the story suggests something of the historical loss for the men of transferring the sense of self to relationships with civil society. Works Cited Page 1. Bourne, J. M. Who’s Who in world War One. Routledge, 2001 2. Hemingway, E. In Another Country. n. d. 3. Meyers, J. Ernest Hemingway: The Critical Heritage. Routledge, 1997. 4. Nagel, J. Ernest Hemingway: The Oak Park Legacy. University of Alabama Press, 1996. 5. Neiberg, M. S. Warfare & Society in Europe: 1898 to the Present. Routledge, 2004.

How Are Civil Liberties Better Protected Since 1997

To what extent have civil liberties become better protected since 1997 In comparison to countries such as France and the USA, the UK’s commitment to civil liberties was weak. During the US declaration of civil Independence the US made amendments to its constitution,; their bill of rights became largely made up of civil liberties, including the right to freedom of religion, speech etc. And the French Revolution led to the establishment of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen (1789). Whereas, the UK has traditionally been reluctant to give basic rights and freedoms explicit legal expression.Instead, it relied on the freedoms that were supposed to be embodied in the common Law belief that ‘everything is permitted that is not prohibited’. However, in recent years, the protection of civil liberties has increasingly fallen to the courts, due to the wider use of the power of judicial review and the introduction of the Human Rights Act. One of the roles of Judiciary is to ‘Defend Civil liberties’ though Judicial review, As one of the Human rights Act is Habeus corpus- the right to a fair trial.Judges can overrule government if they are going beyond Ulta-Vires, judges can decide that other political actors are acting beyond their proper power, in recent years, judges have been increasingly willing to use this power, particularly in relation to ministers, for example if police arrest you without given reason of arrest, they are acting beyond ultra-vires, because you have a right to be given a reason for arrest and can therefore take them to court.However, judges cannot overturn acts of Parliament because of Parliamentary sovereignty unlike in the USA, judges have very far-reaching powers of judicial review because of the existence of a codified constitution. If a law passed by congress goes against the constitution or the bill of rights – the Supreme Court can overrule that law. The Human Rights Act is a UK law pass ed in 1998.It means that you can defend your rights in the UK courts and that public organisations (including the Government, the Police and local councils) must treat everyone equally, with fairness, dignity and respect. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Andrew Heywood – Essentials Of Politics- ’Protecting civil Liberties’ Pp. 287

Three Ethical Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Three Ethical Theories - Essay Example Much technology thus makes it possible for businesses to track how their employees use the computers, phones and even the copy machines. Utilitarianism approach appreciates the fact the means used in doing something should be justified by the end results. The business owner is thus justified to take any action which may improve the end results, in this situation, an increase in productivity. The company cannot therefore allow a free reign of the employees which allows them to have unrestricted and unmonitored use of the company internet. Free access and use of company services like the internet will end up with a situation in which the employees cease to care about the business they work and lose the aim of increasing productivity and profitability. Utilitarianism ethical perspectives support the actions of the senior management as it will increase productivity in the long run. Deontological This ethical principle focuses more on the rules and responsibilities set forward instead of looking at the final end result. If this approach is used in scenario one, each employee will be provided with rules and regulations that govern internet use while at work. This provides employees with the option of knowing what is expected of them and that every action taken must be supported by a logical reason. Invading the employee privacy to make the employees know that what they are doing is not right cannot be applied with this ethical perspective. Ethical Relativism In ethical relativisms, actions are weighed based on the practises found within a specific setup. There exist no universal way of measuring and evaluating the actions of the senior managers in this scenario to conclude on that it infringes on the privacy of the employees. Suggested approaches Scenario two Different ways people may act (and why): Perspective/ theory that may be applied Possible reactions and explanations to the situation Utilitarian From the overview provided, it is visible that actions made by th e state department officials to inflate the cost of setting the department website created an expensive situation due to the increased costs of operations that were incurred. This action did not produce any good both to the individuals involved and to the state corporation as it increased the cost of operating the website. The end of this action went against the means that was used to acquire it Deontological The methods and steps adopted in doing something are much more important than the final results that we seek to achieve. The staffs who were responsible for the establishment of this site should have weighed their actions and choices, not based on the end results or their individual desires but based on the methods and approach adopted. In a situation where other methods were available to accomplish this task, they should have gone for the cheapest option. Ethical Relativism No standard exist upon which the actions of the employees can be evaluated except the tradition set by t he society. In this society, corrupt deals and lack of integrity is not accepted in whatever means therefore making these actions inacceptable. Scenario two is therefore unacceptable by almost all these ethical theories. Suggested

Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 25

Discussion - Essay Example The cause of the fire outbreak was electrical fault (omoakala.blogspot.com, 2012). The myth of panic during fires means that in the incident of fire breakout, people get into panic and make their utmost effort to escape and save their own lives irrespective of others. Such a behavior is identified as a myth because this is not what normally happens during a disaster. There is a great deal of difference between the myth of panic and the actual behavior of people observed during the incident of a fire outbreak. In reality, people tend to help as many people as they can even if they have to put their own lives in danger for that. People help others around them before helping themselves. This behavior has been commonly observed during the disasters. For example, during the 9/11 attack, people not only helped their friends and relatives escape, but also the strangers (White, 2003). In the event of fire outbreak, occupants’ decision making is influenced by a whole range of factors including commitment, familiarity, role and responsibility, and social. The occupants cannot think of leaving people they are familiar with behind in trouble. They feel an intrinsic sense of commitment and moral obligation to God as well as other people to help the people. It seems just too out of place and selfish to just take care of one’s own life and forget one’s role and responsibilities toward others. Man is known to be a social animal. Likewise, the occupants’ decision making during a fire outbreak is affected by their social networks and links. Occupants’ individualistic traits like their age, gender, physical and mental capabilities play a fundamental role in the level of help they can extend to others during a fire outbreak. Certain occupants like children, women, and old men indeed need others’ help to escape since they cannot even help themselves whereas other

Unconventional Monetary Policies Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Unconventional Monetary Policies - Term Paper Example Recent studies have had an approach that is more formal as they show significant impacts of the yield curve commitment effect while employing different methodologies. Significant commitments imply that such markets expect its rates to remain very low for a period of at least a year. Different nations have adapted different policies in relation to the unconventional monetary policy. Historical Evidence The balance sheets of different banks on policies before the financial crisis were in such a manner that they did not aim at influencing the respective banks macroeconomic conditions. For example, the quantitative easing of the Bank of Japan has been considered as being ineffective at the zero lower experienced from 2001 as the central bank sheets were on the global financial crisis and monetary policy shifts that were exogenous similar to the commodity prices conditioning importance as an indicator used in conventional monetary policy identification. A shock monetary policy that is exp ansionary results in both temporary and significant rise in prices and output, the increase turning out to be robust to several model specifications perturbations. The impact of the unconventional monetary policies on price level in the past has been observed as to weaker and less persistent. Results from central bank balance sheets of different countries including Japan, UK and the United States show that panel estimates fail to obscure significantly across the heterogeneity of different countries. More specifically, there are no major observable differences across different nations in relation to the effects of macroeconomic shocks to the balance sheets of different central banks... The balance sheets of different banks on policies before the financial crisis were in such a manner that they did not aim at influencing the respective bank's macroeconomic conditions. For example, the quantitative easing of the Bank of Japan has been considered as being ineffective at the zero lower experienced from 2001 as the central bank sheets were on the global financial crisis and monetary policy shifts that were exogenous similar to the commodity prices conditioning importance as an indicator used in conventional monetary policy identification. A shock monetary policy that is expansionary results in both temporary and significant rise in prices and output.The impact of the unconventional monetary policies on the price level in the past has been observed as to weaker and less persistent. Results from central bank balance sheets of different countries including Japan, UK, and the United States show that panel estimates fail to obscure significantly across the heterogeneity of d ifferent countries. More specifically, there are no major observable differences across different nations in relation to the effects of macroeconomic shocks on the balance sheets of different central banks regardless of the several varying measures employed by different countries in an effort to deal with the economic crisis.Quantitative easing has been observed to positively affect interest rates and economic activities. It has also been identified as to greatly affect the commitment level of different nations.

Statistical Tests Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Statistical Tests - Essay Example When and if the researcher would test the boys before and after treatment for depression this would skew the two tests and the results would be more positive for the treatment would affect the outcome of the second test. The first test when the boys were depressed they would not put all their thinking skills into doing an honest job for the way they are feeling at that time. When testing boys and girls with depression the researcher must take into consideration other circumstances into performing the test. The repeated measures test is still the best t-test to use for this test will give the researcher a better look at the emotions of the boys through observation while performing the test. They can also observe facial and body movements of the participants. In all psychological testing researchers must strive for validity and to make sure the criteria is met before performing the test along with the reliability of the results found. The researcher can also use the single sample t-test when checking the boys after treatment they received for depression. They also need to find the degrees of freedom dealing with the participants from the previous sample. The researchers could also perform a paired samples t-test between the girls and the boys to see about levels of self esteem and with the paired samples t-test this is when Cohen’s d is used. The tester will also need to calculate the effect size and get the sample mean difference. When testers give these types of tests they should make sure that they are appropriate, meaningful and useful. (Gregory, 2004) When dealing with the statistics and the t-test researchers should strive to make ideas relevant to the test that is being performed. When considering which test or tests to be done one find the correct charts to make the necessary calculations. When researchers commit to doing this

Budgeting Process for the State of New York Essay

Budgeting Process for the State of New York - Essay Example As the discussion highlights  the first step of the budget process starts at the subdepartmental level. During this stage, the staff working in various agencies prepares their own requests as directed by the heads of departments. During the same time the agency head arrange for meetings with the program managers during when the budgetary needs of the agency programs are discussed. Even though the official stage of budget preparation takes place between June and September, the agencies analyze their budgetary needs as early as April, May or June. With the issue of a policy memorandum or the call letter to the heads of the agencies by the budget director, the budget process starts.  This essay discusses that a program package is then prepared by each of agency which is then reviewed by the division of the budget before it is approved by the heads of the agencies. Even though it is the staff at the top agency office who decide on the final submission of the agencies, the formulation of the budget requests are different in each of the agencies. In addition, the agency officials who are under obligatory to serve their agency constituencies as needed by the constitution must adhere to the rules set by the governor and the budget director. A notable aspect of the formal budget hearings is that only the representatives selected by the fiscal committee attend the hearing and ask questions. The hearings are closed to the members of the public; however the process is fair and all inclusive. Review of the budget After the heads of agencies approves the program package, the agencies submits the budget requests for review and analysis. The major body within the division of budget that is responsible for the review and the analysis of the budget is the examination body. Apart from analyzing of the budget requests, the examination body may seek for extra information from the agencies regarding their requests. Likewise, the unit holds meeting with the heads of the agencies

Disadvantages of using smart phones Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Disadvantages of using smart phones - Essay Example However, the change has led to a number of challenges. The paper focus on disadvantages of using smart phones. The current usage of smart phones has enabled users to do a variety of things. However, the usage has led to a number of disadvantages. First, the gadget is too expensive as compared to the mobile phones that were used in the past. This means that the user have to use extra money in order to acquire a gadget. The extra pay is due to extra application in these phones. As noted by the author a basic phone may cost $50 to $90 as compared to $200 to $300 of smart phones (Butler 1). Therefore, the extra comfort of the smart phones is achieved at a higher price than the non-smart phones. Secondly, the smart phones have led to decreased social interaction. The phones have been noted to divert people attention from the real world. Hence, it makes it difficult for people to underatnd and appreciate the world. For example, the usage of these phones makes it difficult for people to have phsical intercation. The interaction has been minimal as people can interact using these phones through email, calls, and even social sites application installed on the phones. Hence, most of the people do not see the need of having a physical interaction due to convenience of communication that occur in using these phones. Moreover, dependence on these phones may lead to a form of addiction. Once the addiction occurs it will be difficult for one to disassociate from the gadgets. The addition can affect individual well-being due to high level of activity due to dependence of the gadgets. As noted by Schloter, â€Å"The most dangerous thing is to fall into a mode of permanent activity and continuously consult one’s smartphone to see whether any new mails have come in† (Association for Psychological Science (APS) 1). The lament by Schotler clearly shows effect that can occur on dependence on smart phones. In fact, few months later

Optical isomerism in Thalidomide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Optical isomerism in Thalidomide - Essay Example The tragedy which occurred due to thalidomide use led to very stringent testing requirement for pesticides and drugs before licensing. Initially, thalidomide was prescribed as effective painkiller and tranquilizer for insomnia, colds, coughs, and headaches. It was a very effective antiemetic inhibiting morning sickness, and this resulted into many pregnant women using thalidomide in order relieve their pregnancy symptoms. The relationship between the drug and defects in birth were suspected by Australian obstetrician, McBride William, and the German pediatrician, Lenz Widukind. This was later proven in 1961 by Lenz. Approximately 2500 thalidomide babies were born in Germany. The United States Congress constituted laws demanding safety tests during pregnancy before approving any drug. Other nations have passed similar laws too. This has seen thalidomide not sold or prescribed in several countries for decades1. The severe thalidomide impacts led to strict tests being carried out. The d rug was tested as a one single agent for treating multiple myeloma because of its ant angiogenesis activity during the research trials. Many studies have illustrated that thalidomide in combination with dexamethasone increases the rate of survival of the patients of multiple myeloma2. However, commercially produced drug differed from the one used during the research trials, and this resulted into other thalidomide effects. The commercially produced drug differed from that used in research trials in that during commercial productions, thalidomide was produced in combination with dexamethasone and melphalan, which is today the regimen most common for the patients who are newly diagnosed with multiple myeloma. This has seen the development of other side effects such as fatigue, polyneuropathy, venous thromboembolism (VTE), skin rush, or blood clot, which may result into myocardial infarction or stroke. Several scientists have made reviews on VTE relationship with thalidomide in multipl e myeloma diagnosed patients, and the results show that thalidomide administered without prophylaxis leads to a high rate of VTE (26%). Owing to this high VTE rates with thalidomide combined with doxorubicin or dexamethasone, which is commercially produces, a black box warning was given in 2006 in the United States to the thalidomide package showing that multiple myeloma patients receiving thalidomide-dexamethasone bay concurrently benefit from thromboembolism prophylaxis or aspirin. There has been production of other thalidomide derivatives such as lenalidomide and bortezomib3. The presence of optical isomers severely affects fetal development in pregnant women. Tests from the laboratory after the thalidomide disaster indicated that in some animals the 'R' isomer was an effective sedative, but the 'S' enantiomer was tetragenic. The presence of the optical isomers may also lead to phocomelia which is characterized by shortened limbs, or even complete absence. In addition, fetus may develop hypo plastic or external ear abnormalities, facial palsy, malfunctions of genitourinary and gastrointestinal tract, or even complete absent bones. Approximately 40% of such fetuses die after birth4. Conclusion To sum up, there is no acute toxicity in thalidomide and a fatal overdose may be impossible virtually. As a component of thalidomide, Citalopram has severe effects with the dosage of thalidomide. This is because Citalopram and peripheral

The communication plan Essay Example for Free

The communication plan Essay For instance if the target market has been decided to be the highest earning groups and wealthy teenagers and youngsters, as we suggest, then the marketing strategy has to take a certain course of action. The communication plan will only be successful if the company is able to firstly strengthen the brand position in the market. Apart from television and posh magazines it is important to give thrust to the brand by holding launch events and parties. Since the product line is being launched with the name of a topline model it would not be very difficult for the model to persuade the who’s who of fashion to pay a visit to a launch at the store or through a fashion show. Such an event or a series of such events in different fashion cities of the world will generate huge amounts of media publicity and awareness amongst the target market. This launching strategy could pave the way for eventually customizing this product line for the greater middle class. (OPCUK, n. d. ) The right kind of hype and media coverage can distinguish between a successful product and a not so popular one. Television is such a powerful medium that big events such as world cup finals, superbowl finals, major golf events attract billions of cumulative audiences worldwide. Therefore a well directed advertisement can generate positive viewership of the brand. A lot of the consumers especially in the high earning group have become technology savy and they expect good brands to offer a complete range of their offerings on the website or some forum. This calls for investment in a website or some online forum so that people could have a detailed look at some of the designs. In today’s world top brands understand the importance of billboards and poster advertisement as almost the great majority of drivers do observe an out of the ordinary billboard or poster. The image of this brand could be well complemented by a billboard campaign across all major posh areas and major subways in target cities. The billboard advert could feature a top hollywood young star in one of the stylish dresses of the product line. The message has to be simple and sraightforward and it should tell the customers that it is a product line for the urban youth which is style conscious. The billboard advert could just show the hollywood actor or actress saying â€Å"Pink is the new black† or something that reflects a change in trends and leads towards the arrival of this new brand. Any intelligent message that could appeal to the sense of style of the youth would be well accepted by the target audience. The advertisements and the billboard adverts need to be made expensive and they should give that look of class and style because these are the features that the product stands for. The distribution of the product is also a way of marketing the product to the target audience. Where should the product be placed such that it attracts the desired consumers to make the initial purchases first. Well, the most important thing would be to initially look at what is the strength of the current distribution network and can this current setup be effectively used to sell the product? These qustions must be asked before the distribution strategy is finalised. Once the product has been delivered to the sites and stores it must be viewed and bought by the target market within a specific time frame. Keeping this as the short-term objective the retail firm can go for selling the product on its own stores which are in posh localities and buying spaces in malls which are visited by the style conscious urban elite. An important thing to understand here is that the product line must be adequately placed otherwise the image of the brand can be destroyed.

Of Readers and Racial Narratives Essay Example for Free

Of Readers and Racial Narratives Essay Morrison explores the themes of fate and free will in a number of ways in the short story â€Å"Recitatif. † Regarding free will and the constant confusion over Maggie’s racial identity, Morrison is making the provocative point that a truly color blind society would still have acts of cruelty and their agents, who will never be able to really understand their own motivations. Through the picketing scene, she also explores another dark aspect of free will: that mistaken assumptions about racism and racist actions can, effectively, poor more fuel over the fire. See more: how to start a narrative essay The confusion over Maggie’s race also extends to the main characters, and the difficulty in discerning any definite racial identity on their part is Morrison’s clever way of drawing readers into the debate: after all, the arbitrary assignment of a certain identity to the two girls represents the reader trying to place a racial narrative on actions that do not inherently possess them. In doing so, the reader takes part in sowing confusion over race relations, and can more intimately understand how two life-long friends can end up on opposite sides of an ideological boycott because of the mistakes of the past. Morrison’s main inclusion of exploring fate is in the similar origins of the girls—she explores two lives that started out similar and yet ended up quite different, and invites the reader to determine what part (if any) race had to do with this. Discussion question: in forcing readers to overlay their own racial narrative over essentially color-neutral events, is Morrison the provocateur illustrating the inevitability of racism? And if so, what role should color-conscious modern students of race relations play in moving towards an integrated future?

Analysing Elements Of Corruption In The Indian Economy Politics Essay

Analysing Elements Of Corruption In The Indian Economy Politics Essay Enter the subcontinent in the nineteenth century, the crown jewel of the British Empire, a land rich with resources. Resources which, if properly utilized meant India could potentially be a very powerful nation one day. Post partition and independence from the 1950s up to the late 1980s India remained inclined towards the soviets and had a mixed economy which meant that there were considerable regulations and control in the economy. Empowering the bureaucrats led to corruption at every level of the government. This along with other factors sowed the seeds for a problem that is still very prevalent all over India. Corruption in present day India not only exists but thrives at all levels of government and all the services, to such an extent that even the military and the judiciary is full of corrupt officials. It is interesting to note that the bureaucracy of India under the British Empire was renowned to be largely untainted by corruption. Today the scene is hardly the same mostly owi ng to the electoral politics in India, the police and the judiciary collude with the politicians and engage in a very systematic form of corruption that has been a disgrace to Indias democratic system. In the mid nineteen sixties is considered to be a period where a great divide emerged in the history of public administration in India. Administrators shied away from the methods of the great politicians like Gandhi and Nehru who practiced principled politics. (Gill, 40-43) The key foundation to this new direction in which Indias administration was headed towards, was amorality and it was since then widely practiced in politics. Ever since then emerged an entire generation of politicians who were corrupt to the bone and involved in scandals at an enormous scale. This explains why the nineties were riddled with news of scandals and cons at the hands of persons in authority. The accused were often former ministers, governors and in certain cases even the prime minister. This goes to show that in Indias case no matter how many laws, rules and regulations are put in place to prevent corruption, if the persons who are entrusted with the political administration of the country misuse their authority and exploit the masses, there is absolutely nothing that can be done to prevent them from doing so. Perhaps the largest factor responsible for the corruption in India is that the leadership at the helm of the country not only turns a blind eye to it, but in many cases indulges in it as well. From this stems a trickledown effect that ultimately culminates in corruption being a bureaucratic and political norm in the society, a widely accepted means to achieving many every day ends. Post independence political leadership has stemmed from regional and linguistic movements, which means that such leader will always prefer the betterment of their race rather than the betterment of the Indian people as a whole, this selfish attitude got narrowed down until politics became a purely selfish pursuit. The rules of the game changed forever, as political survival and the pursuit for power, instead of the service of the people seems to be the ultimate aim of politics. The A.D. Gorwala report was one of the first attempts to highlight the problem of corruption that was so very prevalent in India. Gorwala claimed that the process of state building started from an individual level. Building characters of the leaders was the key to building a great nation, and according to Gorwala the immediate causes of the prevalent decadence that plagued the Indian society was World War two. Even though a lot of people helped with the war effort, it was never directly Indias war and hence many a few parties arose who profited from the war itself, both legally and illegally. This quality, of people profiteering from violence and looking for ways to increase their riches at the grave expense and at times lives of other people made them hardened criminals. These criminals took charge, ran for office and indulged in some of the worst scams of all times, siphoning out millions of rupees to private Swiss accounts. Gorwala also claimed that the national movement of indepe ndence failed to leave behind lasting spiritual sentiment amongst the population as a whole and died out giving way to the personal political ambitions of individuals. The report focused mostly on the leadership of the country and how it should lead by example and pointed out the endless scandals that stained their records. Enquiries into allegations have been made by senior all-India leaders of the principle partyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Often they have remained secret. Nor action was taken. It seems fairly clear that if the public is to have confidence that moral standards do prevail in high places, arrangements must be made that no one, however highly placed, is immune from enquiry if allegations against him are made by responsible parties and if a prima facie case exists. There should be no hushing-up or appearance of hushing-up for personal or political reasons. (Public Administration Committee 6-8) Transparency international conducted a Corruption study in 2005 in collaboration with the Centre for Media Studies in Delhi. This was perhaps the largest corruption study undertaken, the span of which ranged over 20 states and covered a sample of 14,405 people and it covered 151 cities and 306 villages. (India corruption study) A state wise analysis was performed, and it was concluded that Bihar was the most corrupt and Kerala stood to be the least corrupt, and among the government services the police was the most corrupt followed by the lower courts and the Land administration, making money a way out for people who may have committed heinous crimes and an illegitimate way to get legitimate services of the government essentially making these services unavailable for all those who cant afford the bribes. Basic amenities like health and electricity were heavily plagued by corruption, and where the courts and the police are the most corrupt, it is indeed going to be a complete mockery o f the rule of law which will no longer prevail. Without law, the very fabric that holds society together will unravel into anarchy. There were many attempts and inquiries made into corruption in various departments and many people took the initiative and voiced their reservations in the form of reports but without the support of senior politicians it was all to no avail. The Railway Corruption Enquiry Committee was one such early attempt. This commission was formed to investigate the corrupt practices that led to heavy losses for Indias extensive railway system. The committee was chaired by J.B. Kriplani, who called corruption the failure of the institution of citizenry that existed from the days of the Greek and Roman empires. (Railway Corruption Committee) It heavily criticized all forms of ticket evasion, bribery or theft. Above all it criticized the public servants for setting a negative example for the public. Senior bureaucrats and politicians used their posts to claim exemptions from paying tickets, setting a very negative trend. The report claimed that no one should be above the law and should do their pa rt in contributing positively to the general welfare of the society as a whole. The report stated that laws and reforms can only go so far in the attempt to curb these mal practices, but what would really make a difference was if the civil servants led a movement to make the people aware of their civic duties and for them to nurture that sentiment in the population, and this is only possible if they actively participate in rooting out corruption themselves. The role that politics plays in helping the spread of corruption in India was looked at most thoroughly by the Shah Commission of Enquiry which looked into the spending during the period of emergency from 1975-77. The head of this commission, justice Shah showed absolutely no reservations in condemning Sanjay Gandhi, son of Indra Gandhi, for committing one of the most heinous acts of corruption in the history of independent India. He stated that: The manner in which Shri Sanjay Gandhi functioned in the public affairs of Delhi in particular is the single greatest act of excess committed during the period of Emergency for which there is no parallel nor any justification for such assumption of authority or power in the history of independent India. While the other acts and excesses may have been in the nature of acts committed by functionaries have some shadow of authority acting in excess of their powers. Here was a case of individual wielding unlimited powers in a dictatorial capacity without even the slightest right to it. If this country is to be rendered safe for future generations the people owe it to themselves to ensure that an irresponsible and unconstitutional centre of power like the one which revolved around Shri Sanjay Gandhi during the Emergency is not allowed to ever come up again in any form or shape or under any guise.(Shah Commission Enqiry) In the nascent days of India, if we trace the tale of corruption, it is a little strange, especially in the case of Jawaharlal Nehru. Even though Nehru shielded many a few corrupt colleagues of his, it is interesting to note that he never benefited personally from any of their ventures. He did not crave material possessions and was a dedicated public servant. Despite that the part he played in highly visible instances of corruption and his support to the guilty set a very bad example and some might even go as far as to say that his actions legitimized corruption at the highest levels, thereby undermining all his principles, essentially jeopardizing the integrity of law. (Noorani 67) In the early days of nation building and setting standards and political morals for years to come, some say that Nehru was to blame for not making an example out of the people responsible. Maybe if not for these few lapses in judgment, maybe if a firm example had been set, India might not have to pay such a heavy price at the hands of corrupt leaders who go unpunished. It wasnt just the conduct of politicians, but also the policies that they adopted which are to blame to a certain extent. India remained a heavily controlled and closed off economy since independence up to the late nineteen eighties. During that time a license Raj was in place which heavily regulated any private companies that wanted to be established. There was a lot of red tape when it came to procedures for setting up the smallest and simplest of business, and in order to avoid all the red tape and the heavy regulations people openly indulged in bribery which became a norm to get things done faster in the Indian society. Even after the economy was liberalized the social norms of getting work done in the public sphere never changed. This unsavory bond between the politicians and the bureaucrats has come to light time and time again in recent years in the form of scams and scandals such as the fodder scam in which the Chief minister and several notable public servants including members of the opposition were involved, the telecom scam involving the telecom minister of the time etc. All such instances set a very negative mindset in all those aspiring to be politicians there by ruining the man power to come. Sadly, these are the scandals that saw the light of day, countless others of varying magnitudes have been carpeted and will continue if decisive and adequate measures arent taken. Let us examine some of the more recent cases that underline the corruption of society within India over a large sample of fields. In telecommunication, there is no scandal bigger than the 2008 2G Spectrum scam that cost the Indian government over US$ 40 billion. Termed the mother of all scams by BJB Spokes person Ravi Shankar Parsad, at the center of the 2G Spectrum fraud is Indias Telecom Minister, Mr. A. Raja who has been charged with selling off 2G cell phone technology licenses at knocked down prices which were originally set in the year 2001, despite the fact that cell phone users had shot up from 4 million to 350 million between 2001 and 2008. Mr. Raja has further been charged with disregarding the for auctions and awarding licenses without even inviting bids, on a first come first served basis. Furthermore; it is also regarded that Mr. Raja ignored advice from the Law and Finance Ministries of the country and also refused to obey the recommendations from TRAI (Telecom Regulatory Authority of India) on the rates to set for the auctioning of the spectrum rights. Mr. Raja resigned amidst massive political pressure from the opposition shortly after this scandal came to light. As of now, the Supreme Court of India is monitoring the Central Bank of Indias investigation into the matter. Shortly after the 2G Spectrum scandal, India was hit by another blow of epic proportions, in January of 2009, Chairman of Satyam Computer Services, Ramalinga Raju resigned from his post after notifying the Board of Directors of the company, through a letter that he has falsified the accounts of the company in order to cover up losses that the company was facing. According to Mr. Rajus letter, about US$ 1 Billion (94% of the companys cash on the books) was made up. The Satyam scandal, as it is now commonly known as is biggest ever corporate fraud in the history of the country. The revelation of the Satyam scandal led to Marrill Lynch (Now part of the Bank of America) and State Farm Insurance to withdraw partnerships with the company, caused the Bombay Stock Exchange to plummet 7% and has raised concerns for foreign investors looking to invest in India. (Vaswani) The Crime Investigation Department has been investigating the matter and despite Mr. Rajus claims that no money was used for his personal interests, the CID has found that the company employed 40,000 people, not 53,000 as had been claimed by Mr. Raju who had been withdrawing over INR 20 crore for those 13,000 employees. Moving onto sport now, we shall look at the Commonwealth Games in India who were hit by spate after spate of corruption scandals from faulty contracts being handed out, to un checked budget allocations, to substandard building materials. The 2010 Commonwealth Games were meant to showcase the countrys competence and coming of age but rapidly turned into an embarrassing example of the corruption and inefficiency that is part of everyday life in the worlds largest democracy. As it has been reported the overall expenditure of the games came to a staggering US$ 15.5 billion compared to $1.1 Billion used up for the games in Melbourne in 2006. With such a steep increase in expenditure, one has to wonder where it all went. Allegedly, it is estimated that the expenditure bills have been inflated by 30% of the actual value of services or commodities procured. Even the Income Tax department is now scrutinizing the finances of the CWG after charges of tax evasion were levied against the CWGs bro adcasters. The Central Vigilance Commission is looking into 11 major project tenders which were awarded at hiked rates causing a loss of over US$ 111 million. (Dolakia) The developer of the infrastructure for the CMGs, Emaar-MGF has also been pulled into the mix with alleged irregularities in the construction of the CGW Village in Delhi. To add to all that, the Central Beaureu of Investigation has also been regularly questioning suspected villain in the story, Suresh Kalmadi The Chief of the CWGs organizing committee. The CBI has also been regularly raiding the offices of the organizing committee, nominating Mr. VK Verma in the FIR report for buying and hiring overpriced equipment. Another major fallout from the games was the Queens Baton Relay financial irregularities case, where again, large sums had been paid to a little known British firm for providing rental cars etc during the launch of the Queens Relay Baton in London. Sticking with sports, let us now move onto a corruption scandal that recently shook India and its favorite sport, cricket. The IPL mess all started back in March when the bidding for new franchises in the IPL started. Rendezvous group won the Kochi franchise for $333.33 million. Shashi Tahoor, an MP from Kerala played a mentoring role is said bid. It was then alleged that the Rendezvous groups bid had been accepted despite better offer on the table. As the structure of ownership of the Kochi franchise started to come to light under continuous scrutiny, it was revealed that one of the shareholders was a close associate of Mr. Tahoor. Further down the line the CEO of the Kochi franchise claimed that he was offered $50 million by Lalit Modi, chief of the IPL to pack up his franchise. (Willamson) Further scrutiny was then spread over the entire IPL to identify the roots of the IPLs funding, which revealed that Mr. Modis brother-in-law owned a large part of Rajasthan Royals; his stepson-i n-law owned the company that has the IPLs media rights. Aviation Winister Patels daughter even worked for the IPL. The revelations kept on coming one after the other, while Mr. Tahoor resigned as a Minister for State of External Affairs under growing pressure. Eventually, everything culminated with the suspension of Mr. Modi, but it was to be too late as the Board for Control of Cricket in India had already been damaged badly by the saga. In the earlier part of the decade gone by, India faced, what at that time was one of the largest counterfeit scandals to hit nation. In late 2001, Abdul Karim Telgi was arrested in Ajmer in connection to a scam involving the printing of counterfeit stamp paper and selling it off to bulk purchasers, such as banks, insurance companies and share-broking firms. Despite being in prison it is alleged the Mr. Telgi still managed to continue his buisiness with the help of prison officials and guards. In 2003, Senior Inspector Dattatrya Dhal was arrested, along with Assistant Inspector Dilip Kamat in connection to aiding Mr. Telgi in running his business from prison. An increasing number of high profile arrests continued to be made through the course of the case, such as Krishna Yadav, the former labor minister and sitting MLA. In 2006 a videotape emerged, showing Mr Telgi taking a Narco Analysis (Truth Serum) test and confessing the names of Congress Party leaders Sharad Pawar and Chaggan Bhujbal in relation to his frauds, though neither of the two have been found guilty of any association with Mr. Telgi. At the peak of his fraudulent scandal, Mr. / Tegli is believed to have been earning up to a whopping US$ 40 Million per month. (Telgi scam) The overall hit of the scam is estimated to be as high as $4.5Billion, though some sources conflict on the amount. Taking a trip down memory lane, well take a look at Indias first large scale global corruption scandal; the Bofors scandal, the scale of which, at that point was Indias worst ever. The scandal takes off from when India agreed to purchase 400 155mm Howitzers from Sweedish arms manufacturer, Borfor AB. The then Indian PM, Rajiv Gandhi, along with others was accused of receiving kickbacks in order to award the contract to Borfors. The outcry from the scandal was huge and it is widely accepted that the scandal led to Rajiv Gandhis Indian National Congress party eventually losing out the in 1989 elections. The Bofors scandal is speculated to have been worth about US$ 9 million, which, considering inflation over the last 30 years was no tiny amount. (Prasad) Ranjiv Gandhi was assassinated in 1991 and eventually, in 2004 courts cleared him on charges of bribery but the case is still ongoing in regards to other charges such as causing wrongful loss to the Government. If one wants a perfect example of a sustained scandal that has seen involvement from bureaucrats, politicians and business men, linking hundreds of top officials for over two decades, costing the Nation approximately US$ 206 million, it would be none other than the Fodder Scam. The scam is thought to have been around since the mid 70s with then Chief Minister of Bihar, Jagannath Maishar the first CM to be alleged of involvement in the fodder scam. The scam is said to have original with small scale embezzlement, with government employees submitting false expense reports to get additional funds. This small scale swindle eventually mutated and evolved over two decades into a scandal that involved almost ever senior official in Bihar and countless businessmen. A scandal that has seen the CM of Bihar during the mid 90s when the report broke, Lalu Parsad Yadhav sent to prison multiple times and charged with multiple cases involving embezzlement of government funds. By the time it was exposed, the fodder scam was an intricate scandal run by a mafia consisting of top government officials, bureaucrats, businessmen, even the lower government officials were involved in the scandal that had the country fooled for so long. Funding was demanded from the Government for cattle that never existed and once provided it was pocketed by the mafia of politicians and businessmen, an association that insured the scam could continue undetected for so long, eating up about US$206 million worth of Government funds.(Patna) Staying with political corruption, lets now glance over to a less glamorous, yet equally damning scandal in the 90s that led to US$ 18 million worth of bribery. Arrests of linked militants in Kashmir led to raids against hawala brokers, the Jain brothers which led to the ghastly discovery of evidence of money linked to the Kashmiri militants transferred to top politicians.(Haqque) Known as the Hawala Scam, the most damning feature of this scandal is that despite the huge stake involved in the scandal, it was never sufficiently investigated, despite big names sush as L. K. Advani, V. C. Shukla, P. Shiv Shankar, Sharad Yadav, Balram Jakhar, and Madan Lal Khurana being accused in relation to the scam. Most of the fore mentioned were acquitted to the courts, they deemed the hawala brokers journals to be insufficient evidence. Indias CBI was vastly criticized for its poor investigation of the cases. (Asia Corruption Ranking) This map shows that despite the fact that there is rampant corruption all over India, it is still comparatively not one of the worst countries in the region with regard to corruption. Corruption is a disease that ails many nations, in Indias case the price that it pays in terms of development and even in sheer monetary terms is crippling. A nation that prides itself as the largest democracy of the world and a country where the majority of the population is below the poverty line, and has a very low standard of living cannot afford to have corruption at such a huge scale. Transparency international estimated that truck drivers end up paying billions of dollars worth of bribes annually. With a population of 1.17 billion people, and a Gross domestic product of 4.05 trillion, India can be one of the most rapidly developing nations of the world and the standard of living would improve drastically provided that corruption is brought down.(Factbook) (Nature of Bribe) Of course there will have to be measures in place that will ensure that the money of the people is spent on uplifting their general standard of living. The World Bank and the IMF have reduced spending in certain sectors in India because they recently discovered the level of corruption that takes place. Scandals at a large scale and executed by ministers really damage the reputation of a nation and its question not only credibility but also the aptness of the system which seems to fails time and time again, for it is the failure of the system that so many corrupt individuals reach the top levels of the government. (Perception of corruption) Transparency Internationals measure of corruption, the Corruption Perception Index (CPI), ranks India as a highly corrupt country, this measure basically indicates how corrupt a country is from a scale from one to ten, one being the most and ten being the least. Somalia made it to the top of the list as th most corrupt country with the measure of 1.1 followed closely by Afghanistan (1.4) and finally down the list is India with a 3.3, followed by Brazil which has a 3.7 and so on. Despite these disturbing findings that shocked many international investors and observers, the Indian population remains largely indifferent to this embarrassing find. (Amount of Bribe) After an exhaustive study of the causes and roots of corruption in the country, one must then look at preventive steps and amends that must be made in the anti-corruption system that would strengthen it and allow for a brighter future to pervade through. In this vein, the works of Professor Krishna K. Tummala and Sunil Sondhi serve as seminal instances of the what, the how and the why of Corruption and ways to combat it. Professor Tummala correctly identifies the overall political and socio-economic conditions of the country to be conducive to the spread and perpetuation of corruption (Tummala 26). As noted by various scholars of public policy and management, less developed countries are prone to corruption by virtue of the income and economic disparities that plague their populace, the inequality of opportunities, fast-changing life styles and inefficiency of the state when it comes to providing basic public amenities such as energy resources, infrastructure and security. Couple that with the fast pace at which the world is changing and the struggle to embrace modernity and one has the perfect recipe for disaster! In such a context, efforts to curb corruption and use of illegal force and authority are indeed difficult to implement and promulgate, however with a few adjustments, such policy changes might just allow for a concrete step towards progress after all. Corruption stems for two basic reasons, contends Tummala, need and greed and posits that corruption in the civil and public service sectors might be contained to some extent by an increase in salaries across the board. One such recommendation was seen to be made in March 2008 by the Sixth Pay Commission which favored a bump in incomes in the lower rungs of the civil service so as to alleviate corruption bottom-up. However, even in countries where the civil service is paid hefty incomes, corruption still exists at all levels which leads one to understand that greed is not of kind, but of size and that unless such acts are publicly denounced and proclaimed at absolutely intolerable that a difference, if any at all, is to come about. What one notices in India is this complacency at all levels, be it the political leadership or civil society, a high ended business man or a common man on the street. As the Santhanam committee rightly observes, a favorable social climate must be created wh erein the likes of corruption and illegal activities are strongly condemned and protested against. Following from the same line of argument, there exists a strong dualism within the Hindu society, where on the one hand the a holier than thou attitude exists and the great epic tales from the Vedas and narrations of honesty, generosity and piety of legendry kings such as Vikramaditya that are told to children even today, on the other we have an inclination towards a most immoral, debase lifestyle which is fed by the desire to compete with the proponents of the liberal, modern lifestyle which took hold post the economic liberalization in 1990. The rhetoric of anti-corruption that is heard once in a blue moon now and then stands as measly Lilliputtian when compared to the giant Gulliver of the modern, liberal, commodity-dependant lifestyle which can only be maintained in the long run by resorting to corrupt practices in a country like India. What needs to be understood then is the need for a cognitive reframing and reconceptualization. We need to reinvoke the principles of simplicity and spirituality into our daily affairs and lifestyles to change the very way a singular block of the community functions, thereby effectuating change bottom-up. However, what needs to be reiterated at this point is that a simple bottom-up and grass-roots level approach is not the complete answer to the plague that is corruption in the country. A simultaneous top-down approach is necessary to ensure the effectiveness and perpetuation of the corruption-alleviation scheme. Herein the role of the three branches of the State comes into play. The Indian system of governance is parliamentary one with the doctrine of separation of powers firmly in place as per the Constitution. The Parliament being the Legislative, the Prime Minister being the Executive and the Supreme Court, holding Judicial authority. Whereas India has with the passage of time strengthened its Judiciary with the Supreme Court taking landmark decisions and the inclusion of amendments 73 and 74 to the Constitution that allow for the empowerment of the masses, there is still is a long way to be covered for the Judiciary to effectively play its part in alleviating and eradicating corruption. As both Sondhi and Tummala have noted, the Judicial processes of India allow for unnecessary delays in suits against corruption, red-tapism and the existence of unnecessary hierarchies both within the judicial as well as accountability/transparency systems allow for cases to get stuck in the back log or never effectively tackled. Moreover laws that have been made to tackle or eradicate corruption from its very roots are either mostly ignored or followed only in certain instances and on the whole the entire spirit of the law is often found to be lost. In fact, paradoxically, certain laws are found to be in complete contravention to the benefits they aim to provide the masses. Tummala correctly notes: various rights guaranteed to the civil servants in the name of assuring their neutrality and accord protection from harassment have been found to come in the way of bringing the errant to book. As noted, Article 311 of the Constitution of India (requiring permission of the appointing authority to prosecute) proved to be a major hurdle. (Tummala 72) Even in the case where the corrupt are brought to the courts, the process of providing justice is extremely slow and long-ended as has been observed earlier. Correctly identifying this, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh has noted the need for special courts to be formulated and special institutions to be erected for this very purpose. A review of the judicial process is therefore extremely necessary to come to an effective solution to this problem. Appellate jurisdiction must be provided to special courts for such cases which can then relieve the burden of the pre-existant courts and allow for revisions and appeals to be dealt with effectively and efficiently. The help of partnering institutions must be invoked to ensure the smooth flow of information and evidence when it comes to these cases. In this vein, the help of watch-dog organizations, both national and international, may be sought. Coming next to the problem of implementation which essentially stems from the Executive and its subservient bodies wherein we see a lack of role models who set examples for the general populace. In fact in the very tenure of Indira Gandhi, as Sondhi rightly notes, the practices of corruption within various body functionaries of the state were seen to exist in the form of policies that encourage excess and allow for lacunas within the system of law and governance. The case of Bihar also serves as an apt example, where despite the existence of a number of anti-corruption measures, the implementation of the said measures amounted to zilch. Similarly the case of Tamilnadu where the Chief Minister herself was found to be involved in various cases of corruption serve as an apt example of what is wrong with the current state of affairs and simultaneously point out what needs to change. The political leadership itself needs to be kept in check and in this regards administrative accountabilit y and transparency needs to be encouraged and implemented. As Sondhi notes, such measures,

Anthony Trollopes: An Eye for an Eye :: Ethics Morals Anthony Trollope

Anthony Trollope's: An Eye for an Eye Anthony Trollope's intense commitment to drawing for his readers a picture of the world as it actually is, to creating a fictional reality in which they "might recognise human beings like to themselves" (Autobiography 145), can obscure the depth and sincerity of his concern with the moral dilemmas confronting the characters he has so painstakingly rendered lifelike. But as the startlingly candid passage quoted above from the Autobiography reveals, Trollope's purposes in his fiction are not merely descriptive, but normative as well; he sets out both to show us "the way we live now" and to direct our attention to questions that are in the broadest sense ethical: how ought we to live? His unflagging desire to "please," however, and his firm belief in the primacy of characterization among the novelist's tasks render the extraction of his "system of ethics" from his novels a delicate and difficult task: his characters are, ineluctably, individuals and unlike those populating the works of more overtly "philosophical" novelists, cannot often be taken as unproblematic representatives of an abstract quality larger than themselves. Trollope's "system" is to be an ethics of everyday life, one that takes as its province situations irreducible to arid formulae. Close examination of the late novel An Eye for an Eye illustrates both the nuanced, even protean, subtlety of Trollopean ethics and the ways in which his moral code is complicated by the gender, class, and national dimensions of the life he portrays so vividly. The novel, in its remarkably evenhanded treatment of the agonizing choice facing a young English aristocrat who seduces and impregnates an Irish girl of disreputable provenance, displays a sophisticated and sympathetic understanding of the manner in which larger social and historical forces impinge on the decisions we make as supposedly free moral agents. The story dramatizes the tension between two approaches to moral problems: on one hand, there is what we might call an ethics of particulars, represented by Scroope Manor and the older members of the Neville family, an insistence that questions of right and wrong can only be justly resolved by reference to the social position of the moral agent and to the organic structure of the society in which he or she is enmeshed. On the other hand, there are the claims of a universalizing ethical praxis in which each individual must be viewed as an end in himself or herself, regardless of circumstance. Anthony Trollope's: An Eye for an Eye :: Ethics Morals Anthony Trollope Anthony Trollope's: An Eye for an Eye Anthony Trollope's intense commitment to drawing for his readers a picture of the world as it actually is, to creating a fictional reality in which they "might recognise human beings like to themselves" (Autobiography 145), can obscure the depth and sincerity of his concern with the moral dilemmas confronting the characters he has so painstakingly rendered lifelike. But as the startlingly candid passage quoted above from the Autobiography reveals, Trollope's purposes in his fiction are not merely descriptive, but normative as well; he sets out both to show us "the way we live now" and to direct our attention to questions that are in the broadest sense ethical: how ought we to live? His unflagging desire to "please," however, and his firm belief in the primacy of characterization among the novelist's tasks render the extraction of his "system of ethics" from his novels a delicate and difficult task: his characters are, ineluctably, individuals and unlike those populating the works of more overtly "philosophical" novelists, cannot often be taken as unproblematic representatives of an abstract quality larger than themselves. Trollope's "system" is to be an ethics of everyday life, one that takes as its province situations irreducible to arid formulae. Close examination of the late novel An Eye for an Eye illustrates both the nuanced, even protean, subtlety of Trollopean ethics and the ways in which his moral code is complicated by the gender, class, and national dimensions of the life he portrays so vividly. The novel, in its remarkably evenhanded treatment of the agonizing choice facing a young English aristocrat who seduces and impregnates an Irish girl of disreputable provenance, displays a sophisticated and sympathetic understanding of the manner in which larger social and historical forces impinge on the decisions we make as supposedly free moral agents. The story dramatizes the tension between two approaches to moral problems: on one hand, there is what we might call an ethics of particulars, represented by Scroope Manor and the older members of the Neville family, an insistence that questions of right and wrong can only be justly resolved by reference to the social position of the moral agent and to the organic structure of the society in which he or she is enmeshed. On the other hand, there are the claims of a universalizing ethical praxis in which each individual must be viewed as an end in himself or herself, regardless of circumstance.

Dad :: Personal Narrative Profile

Personal Narrative- Dad My brother and I were standing in a white room where people were franticly running around. I looked at this man being wheeled by lying on a blood soaked bed. His eyes were swelled shut and he was moaning in excruciating pain. I took a closer look and realized his skull was exposed. His scalp was completely off the side of his head. Tears started coming when I thought about this poor man's family. How were the doctors going to tell his wife and kids what he looked like; or even worse, he had died. I looked at my brother in horror and disbelief. He said in a dismayed voice, "Jess, that's Dad!" I was running around the gym and warming up for a game of "capture the ball." A loud beeping noise sounded through the gym and I heard a sweet voice say, "Please excuse Jessie Jones." My heart pumped as I jumped for joy. No P.E. today! I got my bag and waited at the door for my mom. I was messing around with my friend, when Mrs. Ledger told me that my mom sounded very upset. I thought nothing of it and kept joking around. I walked outside and a woman from my Mom's work was waiting to pick me up. I gave her a perplexed look as she said, "Your Dad got in a wreck." At this point, the significance of the whole event still had not hit me. I met my Mom at City Market and she was hysterical. Seeing my Mother in her hysteria didn't affect me because, getting worked up easily was her routine. She told me that they had to "Flight for Life" my Dad to St. Mary's Hospital. At that point, I knew the accident was serious. I tried to swallow the apple-sized lump in my throat. We waited, for what seemed like an eternity, in the waiting room. I was anxious to see my Dad so I kept going in and asking when we could see him. They said when he was cleaned up they would come and get us. They brought out his clothes and his shoes were covered with a crimson color. My chest got heavy and I fought to breathe. My heart skipped a beat and my throat started to hurt. I was sucking back my tears.

Jeanette Wintersons View on Life Essay -- Winterson Writing Essays

Jeanette Winterson's View on Life A writer's style should be distinctive. Indeed, if it isn't distinctive, then it isn't a style. A creative person is someone who imagines what other people cannot. Their value to us lies in expanding our own possibilities. Walls fall. We break out. Art releases what was lost. Jeanette Winterson Sometimes it seems that our lives have been watered down. That somehow we have been cheated of the true meaning of what is before us. Especially here in America, millions of people live comfortable lifestyles: they have money, they have place, they have success. But still many of us are bored and unhappy. We wake up every morning, go to work, go to school, and come home without feeling a thing. We are de facto disenchanted and nobody really knows why. Our imagination dies long before our bodies die. Jeanette Winterson is a writer whose work seems to be aimed at changing this for herself and, if we will listen to her, perhaps for us as well. Winterson reveals both the beauty and the horror with which we are confronted on a daily basis. She shows us new universes within our own, and parallel universes outside our own. Her writing teaches us to read between the lines of our everyday lives. Even when this is not an obvious message delivered through the content of her stories, we find it within her language. Her words reveal and unfold layers of unrealized meaning on every page, until the reader is gently lowered back into his or her own world with a new fascination and awe for what already existed. Winterson's writing rejects our conventional perception of life. She reveals the shallow fulfillment inherent in traditional values, expands our notion of time and reality, and gives us new insig... ...he is sick of our houses with ceilings and no floors and wants us to build houses instead with floors and no ceilings, houses that deny limits and embrace sheltered truths that help us deny the limits. She sees the power and beauty in both imagination and reality, and she finds no need to distinguish between the two, as both exist co-dependently, like structural elements of a house with no ceiling. In short, Jeanette Winterson wants to release, through her own art, the love for life that has been lost. She writes for our very lives and hers. Works Cited Kakutani, Michiko. "A Journey Through Time, Space, and Imagination." New York Times 27 Apr. 1990: C33. Winterson, Jeanette. Art & Lies. London: Cape, 1994. The Passion. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1998. The World and Other Places. New York: Vintage, 2000. Written On The Body. London: Cape, 1992.

Donald J. Trump Essay

Donald John Trump is a real-estate developer who shot to international fame after his hit television series â€Å"The Apprentice†. The best-known facet of his life also happens to be the most motivating one – How he bounced back from bankruptcy to being a billionaire again, through a very innovative idea. Donald Trump was born on 14th June 1946 in New York (Allen 2007). The son of billionaire real-estate businessman Fred Trump, Donald Trump or â€Å"The Donald† as he is popularly known, was born with the proverbial silver-spoon in his mouth. After finishing his schooling from the military academy he entered the Fordham University. He went on to study Economics at the Wharton School of Finance, at the University of Pennsylvania. After finishing the college education in 1968, Donald Trump started his career at the Trump Organizations, owned by this father and started assisting him in his business (A&E Television Networks). He worked with his father for five years. During this time he made several successful business deals but was disillusioned by the low-profit margins. He shifted his base to the more affluent Manhattan in 1971, to make higher profits and also gain public recognition. He hobnobbed with many rich and influential people and built a niche market around them, by making properties having unique architectural designs. He focused on exclusivity instead of cost-saving schemes, which was the mantra for the builders at that time. His name is associated with the most influential and posh addresses like the Fifth Avenue skyscraper, Trump Tower; the luxury residential buildings, Trump Parc, Trump Palace; Trump Plaza, 610 Park Avenue, The Trump World Tower and Trump Park Avenue. He was also the owner of many hotels like Plaza Hotel, the St. Moritz Hotel, Trump International Hotel and Tower etc. (http://www. nbc. com/nbc/The_Apprentice/bios/Donald_J. _Trump. html) However, the recession times in the 1990s saw a sharp fall in the real estate market. His net worth fell from $1. 7 billion to $500 million. When he was unable to pay a $2 billion bank loan, creditors seized his assets. This left him with about $900 million in personal debt and approximately $3. 5 billion in business debt (Allen 2007). This made him declare bankruptcy. He could bail himself out only when his father died in 1999; and real-estate business was sold. He bounced back both financially and publicity-wise via the reality telly-show â€Å"The Apprentice†. Currently his financial worth is estimated as close to 2. 5 billion dollars, and his catch phrase â€Å"You are fired† is embedded firmly in the minds of the public (http://www. atouchofbusiness. com/business-topics/success-stories/business-leader-trump-0006. html) The huge popularity of the TV show and the financial success it brought enabled Trump to venture into other fields like clothing – Trump Men’s Collection, magazine – Trump Magazine, liquor – Trump Vodka, tours – online portal named GOTrump. com, and even education when he opened Trump University in 2005 which offers a degree in business . Personality Traits Donald trump sets himself apart from other people in his leagues purely due to the sheer force of his personality. While his flamboyant nature and his many associations with women have gained him a lot of notoriety, no one can deny that he possesses ‘something’ which sets him apart from other rich people. This has made him make a brand name which sells many businesses including the very successful television series and the many books he has written on his life experiences and means to gain success. One of the most obvious traits he has is intelligence. This does not merely mean possessive a superior technical or business mind, it also points to the amount of calculated risks he has taken over the years and succeeded. While seeming to always go against the flow, his decisions in retrospect always seem to be the most logical way to succeed. As Columbus once said when to his detractors â€Å"Any one would have found newer lands, I thought of it first! † Another obvious trait he possesses is confidence, which shines through all the situations he has faced. For instance, his shifting to Manhattan would have been pointless is he could not get into the inner circles of the rich and famous people in New York. Though he was almost broke when he went to Manhattan, it took him no time to charm the committee people in many exclusive clubs to give him contracts (Biography Channel 2007) Still another trait that has helped him to get past difficult situations is his immense determination to succeed. The adverse situations have merely spurred him to think of unique, away from the stream, way to bounce back. In addition to his many businesses, he also a philanthropist who believes in uplifting the society where one lives. He is associated with many charities and donates generously to social causes. He also has a very charming personality which is probably the main reason for the huge success of his television show. Skills and Strengths Donald Trump in addition to having distinctive personality traits also possesses certain skills that have helped him succeeding in his various ventures. Even in the very early days of his career Trump was known for his consummate skill in making business deals. In fact his father often said that, â€Å"some of my best deals were made by my son, Donald†¦ everything he seems to touch turns to gold. † (NetGlimse 2007) He made his first successful deal at the age of 25, when he bought property off a transportation firm which was having financial troubles and sold it to the government. His negotiating skills often allowed his firm to secure loans with little collateral (Allen 2007) He is also an opportunist and is known for spotting successful business opportunities. As an example, while the real-estate business of his father was doing fairly well Donald chose to move his focus from their traditional business of middle-class rental housing to commercial real estate development (Allen 2007). In addition, he also decided to shift the business from Brooklyn to New York which the rich and famous lived. He is known to be a very successful self-promoter, which has led him to become a very successful brand name. From the buildings he has built which bear the Trump name to constantly telling potential ‘apprentices’ that the way to succeed is to be like him, he is carved out a public image in the minds of the people as a cocky, arrogant but immensely successful personality. He has cashed on this celebrity status to sell many books which also bear his name like â€Å"Trump: The Art of the Deal†, â€Å"Trump: The Art of Survival†, â€Å"Trump: Surviving at the top†, many of which have been best sellers. (http://www. nbc. com/nbc/The_Apprentice/bios/Donald_J. _Trump. html ) Leadership in situations As Donald Trump’s television show preaches – leadership is the name of the game. The word leadership means different things in different situations. Trump’s unique leadership qualities make him a cut different than others. For instance the very essence of leadership is having the conviction and guts to take on risks and few have taken risks which Trump has taken. As mentioned earlier in the report Trump was almost broke when he decided to venture into the real estate business for the rich and famous. It was a bold decision to take on especially considering the fact that the immensely rich people do not really allow any outsider to enter their circles, let alone a person who is not of their social standing. That his business was worth billion in a few years span shows how right he was in taking the risk (Chandy 2007) Another important leadership quality is the ability to capture the attention of people positively. Needless to say the huge popularity of his show, demonstrates that he does have this quality which makes people sit-up and take notice. Successful leaders also take responsibility of their actions and have absolute control over decisions. Again as mentioned earlier in the report each of the ventures of Donald Trump unmistakably have the imprint of his persona, not to mention his name. He does not believe in passing around the blame to others when decisions do not gain expected results. Leadership Outcomes The phenomenal success of the â€Å"The Apprentice† is due to the person who has conceptualized the show i. e. Donald Trump. The way the show is run clearly points his personality. The contestants are judged on a weekly basis and there are no appeals to the finals decision. In his words – â€Å"I mean, there’s no arguing. There is no anything. There is no beating around the bush. â€Å"You’re fired† is a very strong term. † Even the contestants are usually asked to stand up for themselves, which in itself means being leaders (NetGlimse 2007) Leadership also means facing challenges head on. This is evident in Trump’s decision to sell of his family business to bounce back from bankruptcy. There are times when an unsavory decision might be the best decision to overcome a situation. Trump would have to fend off creditors indefinitely if he had not decided to sell off the business. Another leadership trait which Trump possesses is the conviction in his decisions. He has succeeded in making many complex business deals due to this trait. For instance, when Trump moved to Manhattan, he decided to try his hand into building luxury hotels. With this view, in 1974 Trump focused his attention The Commodore. This hotel was unprofitable, but was very centrally located. He managed to convince Hyatt Hotel Corporation to enter into a business deal concentrating on the fact that Hyatt did not have any manor downtown hotels. He also managed to successfully arrange financing for this venture and proceeded to completely renovate the hotel. The hotel was renamed The Grand Hyatt in 1980, and became very popular, making Trump the city’s best known and most controversial developer (A&E Television Networks). Conclusion Donald Trump is many times seen as a self-promoter whose proclamations are not credible. In fact people even question his present worth of 2. 7 billion dollars (Allen 2007). However, no one can question the success he has gained through his unique qualities as a pioneer in many types of business. His business decisions have been maverick and controversial but have been hugely successful. He believes in leading by example, which is the chief draw factor of his reality television show. Although his self-promotion comments can be termed as immodest, people modeling themselves after him would immensely profit from his no-nonsense attitude and self confidence. These are the two major qualities leaders need when they are dealing with others if they do not wish to be pushed around by other people. There are many books what preach about the qualities of the leader in a very idealistic way; however people can rarely succeed following only idealistic principles of anything. Another thing which can be learnt from Trump is his â€Å"Never say die† spirit. Every time he come up with an adversity, he just sees it as a means to demonstrate his skills to find a unique solution to the problem. In conclusion, the personality traits of Donald Trump which are mentioned here are the true reasons for his success. While these traits may not make everyone a billionaire, they will surely make people a much confident and self-assured person. References Allen S, â€Å"Donald Trump – Billionaire Real Estate Tycoon and Host of The Apprentice†, 2007, New York Times Company http://entrepreneurs. about. com/od/famousentrepreneurs/p/donaldtrump. htm A&E Television Networks, â€Å"Donald (John) Trump Biography (1946-)† 2007, http://www. biography. com/search/article. do? id=9511238&page=1 Biography Channel â€Å"Donald Trump†, 2007, http://www. thebiographychannel. co. uk/biography_story/1123:1290/1/Donald_Trump. htm Chandy A, â€Å"Donald Trump Biography†, 2007, http://www. buzzle. com/editorials/4-28-2005-69193. asp â€Å"Donald J. Trump as Executive Producer/Host†, 2007, http://www. nbc. com/nbc/The_Apprentice/bios/Donald_J. _Trump. html A Touch of Business, â€Å"Donald J. Trump – The Business Leader Who Thrives on the ‘Art of the Deal’†, 2007 http://www. atouchofbusiness. com/business-topics/success-stories/business-leader-trump-0006. html NetGlimse, â€Å"Donald Trump-Biography†, 2004, http://www. netglimse. com/celebs/pages/donald_trump/index. shtml

Asperger’s Syndrome Research Paper Essay

Approximately 947,570 Americans have Asperger’s Syndrome (AS), however, it is not an easy disorder to explain (Bashe 19). With multiple conditions and characteristics in each case, AS is not an easy disorder to diagnose. Asperger’s Syndrome was named after Hans Asperger, an Austrian physician, who first described the disorder in 1944 after studying a group of children with similar, unusual characteristics. However, AS was not made an official disease until 1994. Consequently, Asperger disease is just now becoming published and popular so there is still research and questions being answered. Asperger’s Syndrome, an autism spectrum disorder, is noted by above-average intellectual skills but severely impaired social skills with repetitive patterns and interest. There are several other disorders that are related to Asperger’s. These include other autism spectrum disorders such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Oppositi onal Defiant Disorder, Bipolar Syndrome and others (Bashe 68). Since Asperger’s is a recent disorder, the cause of AS is not clear. Scientists are still investigating why Asperger’s occurs. Nevertheless, few theories have surfaced. Some believe brain abnormalities or a hereditary component result in AS. The cause could also be factors that include brain development. Nevertheless, scientists have eliminated child immunizations, lack of intelligence, or â€Å"bad parenting† as the cause for Asperger’s. (Weiss) AS is also not due to emotional deprivation or other psychogenic factors that originate from a person’s thinking. A possible reason for an unidentifiable cause is the symptoms for Asperger’s Syndrome are nearly unlimited. Furthermore, with AS one can exhibit few or multiple symptoms. Still, the core symptoms of Asperger’s Syndrome are poor communication skills, obsessive or repetitive behavior, and physical clumsiness (Weiss). With communication skills, vocabulary and syntax is in normal range for people with AS, a formal style of speaking is evident. For example, they might say â€Å"beckon† instead of â€Å"call.† The symptoms of Asperger’s that are most noticeable are the ones that are displayed by social awkwardness and their inability to pick up on social cues. Thus, people with AS often engage in one-sided conversations with a monotonous voice, give very precise information, and believe the point of a conversation is to exchange information — that is it. It is hard for them to communicate and explain their thoughts and ideas through speech. Additionally, AS individuals take a literal interpretation of everything and display awkward nonverbal gestures such as lack of eye contact, inappropriate starring, signs of boredom, short attention span and odd facial expressions. Those with Asperger’s would struggle with â€Å"reading† others and understanding nonverbal communication. A person with Asperger’s lacks the Theory of Mind. The Theory of Mind is the ability to reconginze and understand thoughts, desires and intentions of others. Basically, it is nearly impossible for a person with Asperger’s to have empathy for others and can be extremely insensitive. They have a distinct sense of humor and have difficulties expressing their emotions. Because AS causes them to perceive the world differently, their â€Å"rudeness† is not intentional. The symptoms and characteristics of people with AS vary, resulting in a remarkably challenging diagnosis of the disease. No two cases of Asperger’s syndrome are identical. Each case presents its own characteristics and challenges, for Asperger’s syndrome does not describe a single behavior but a specific combination that are present to a certain extent. (Bashe 75)Of course, it would be easy to attribute the strange behavior and lack of social interest to just being â€Å"different.† The diagnosis is usually done after age three and between ages five and nine. A boy is three to four times more likely to be diagnosed with Asperger’s Syndrome than a girl. (Nemours). The actual diagnosing is a lengthy process, beginning with a thorough â€Å"psychosocial† evaluation. Then the doctors do a history and ask when the parents first began noticing symptoms such as limited social interactions, special interest and lack of eye contact. The doctors will look at the development of motor and language skills and compare them with the average skill level for the particular age of the patient. Following this, the doctors will ask about any favorite activities, if there are any unusual habits or preoccupations. Next, the doctors will look at the social development and any social interactions and friendship development. Then a test for communication skills is given. After ascertaining all this information, they compile all the findings and see if the patient meets the criteria for Asperger’s Syndrome. Besides the poor communication skills and resulting in awkward social behavior of Asperger’s Syndrome, there are also the physical aspects. People with Asperger’s Syndrome have a heightened sensitivity to loud noises, lights, or even certain colors. For example, they may not be able to wear certain kinds of materials because the fabric will irritate the skin. Often, they have strong taste buds and are sensitive to different textures. Additionally, they may have a rigid walk or an odd posture. Likewise, motor coordination is usually lacking making simple tasks such as handwriting, opening a jar, or catching a ball a struggle. The lack of motor skills makes it difficult to play team sports. Conversely, they may excel in sports requiring precision and practice such as golf, swimming or tennis. Even though poor communication skills and physical aspects may be evident because of AS, the most distinguishable symptom is the obsession of one particular subject. The obsession will consume any free time and dominate conversations of those with AS, making them experts on their particular subjects. Some examples of specific infatuation include baseball statistics, snakes, stars, etc. As people with Asperger’s age, the topic usually becomes odder and more specific. The negative consequences of having an intense interest about a specific topic are that this interest could be dangerous, illegal or possibly misinterpreted. However, possible benefits to this is the subject often provides a source of entertainment and enjoyment. In addition, there are also several functions to the special interest. It may overcome anxiety and help cope with fears. For example if the Asperger’s child is afraid of witches he or she may immerse himself or herself in that topic to learn about it and overcome the fear. Consequently, witches become their special interest. (Healthwise) In some cases the specific knowledge may even provide employment and an income. For example if person with AS has an interest in technology, may be able to have a job as a computer technician. (A common field for those who have Asperger’s is engineering.) Topics may change occasionally but with all cases of AS the subject is studied with an intense passion. Alongside the core symptoms of the disorder, there are also distinct characteristics shared by people with Asperger’s. Children and adults that have Asperger’s have a different way of thinking, not necessarily defective. People with Asperger’s have a strong desire to seek knowledge, truth, and perfection. With a fear of failure, people with AS have a unique learning style. They refuse to try anything if the end result is not absolutely perfect and meet their standards. People with this disorder depend on routine and consistency and strongly dislike their routine changed. They have single-minded determination and a creative way of thinking and looking at the world. This is a positive because it can produce an original perspective and resolution. Nonetheless, they have troubles distinguishing between what is relevant and redundant, usually focusing on detail instead of looking at the â€Å"big picture.† Furthermore, they may be able to solve complex math problems but are unable to explain the process they used to solve the problem. People with AS are uninterested in following the social â€Å"norm.† They may also have trouble with time management and organization. Those with the disease would rather explore the physical world such as objects, machines, animals and scientific concepts versus social events, friendships and relationships. Consequently, they prefer solving a problem than satisfying the emotional needs of others. Their concept of friendship is immature and at least two years behind their peers. If they have any friendships, they are often unusual, such as with much younger children or older adults (Atwood). A problem with forming relationships is that they may become too trusting which can lead to bullying and teasing, especially during their early years in life. One frustrating part of Asperger’ is that the people with the disorder usually want to make friends but it is incredibly difficult with their condition and behaviors. Dealing with these struggles can cause chronic frustration leading to other conditions such as depression. Therefore, they more than likely have a secondary mood disorder such as anxiety, sadness or anger. Unfortunately, no overall â€Å"cure† exists for Asperger’s Syndrome. However, symptoms can be treated. Having an early intervention and the right program is essential. No â€Å"typical† treatment is followed, for treatments depend on the strengths and weaknesses of each particular case (Nemours). Each treatment plan must address key issues: health, wellness, sensory issues, processing problems, visualizing, concepts, fine and gross motor skills, speech, language, behavioral and social issues. Acquiring new skills and monitoring the nutrition and medication may change some functions, but if neurodevelopment foundations are not established, then the results will be limited (Doman). Since the core problem of Asperger’s is social, the main treatment is working on social thinking skills and social settings. Individuals with AS must learn to â€Å"think social† before they will be able to act social. The key social thinking skills that must be practiced are perspective, flexibility, curiosity, self-esteem, big picture thinking and communication (Notbohm). Another social treatment is called â€Å"Social Stories,† where they will learn relevant social cues, thoughts, feeling and behavioral scripts by writing social stories. This treatment can benefit more than just those with Asperger’s but also the family and friends, for social stories will help others understand people with Asperger’s are socially confused, anxious, aggressive or defiant. People with Asperger’s also may benefit from language therapy and psychotherapy. Similarly, younger kids may do sensory integration training, where the stimuli in which they are overly sensitive about is desensitized. In older kids, treatment may include behavioral and cognitive therapy. Besides therapies, a person wi th Asperger’s may have a specialized diet to help with the disorder. Dietary supplements can even help certain symptoms. For example, vitamin B6 helps with brain development. Other vitamins that are recommended include magnesium, vitamin C, and omega three fatty acids. Other studies have found the avoiding certain foods and taking the hormone secretin has improved symptoms. Treatments to AS may also include prescription medicines. Some medications that can help with the symptoms may include Abilify, Intiniv, SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), Resperdal, Zyprexa, and Revia (Mayo Clinic Staff). Much of the time, treatment for Asperger’s Syndrome is not just medication or just therapy but a combination of the two to fit the individual. To treat Asperger’s effectively, though, there must be proper education, support and resources. Although Asperger’s Syndrome is not considered the most severe autistic disorder, it still presents challenges and troubles for the people with the disorder. Often described as â€Å"oddballs† or â€Å"loners†, people with Asperger’s have distinct qualities and characteristics. While there are many negative aspects of having Asperger’s Syndrome, there are a few positive notes. People with Asperger’s can be very loyal and caring friends. They say exactly what is on their minds with no filter. Those with Asperger’s tend to be more accepting and like people for who they are, and are easily content with what they have and are not interested in buying the latest fad. Their rules and honesty lead them to excel in the classroom and as a citizen. With treatment, people with Asperger’s begin to better understand their disorder and are able to learn and adapt to social cues. Many people with Asperger’s get married and have children. Their attention to detail and focused interest leads them to a career. Asperger’s Syndrome is a lifelong condition that tends to stabilize and improve with treatment. Although no cure exists treatment helps people with Asperger’s live â€Å"normal† and healthy lives.