Case Governance and Sustainability at Nike - 578 Words

POM 642/ 442 Case: Governance and Sustainability at Nike This case was about the struggles with sustainability with in Nike as well as the fashion industry. Greenpeace came out and slandered Nike, Adidas, Puma, and several other fashion designers for pollution resulting in the manufacturing process of their products. There are several chemicals used in the process of manufacturing clothing and shoes. Several chemicals are also used in the Dying process. Although these facility are 3rd parties and these locations are not used by Nike it has fallen on them along with their competitors to reduce pollution with in the manufacturing process. At Nike the key decision makers are Hannah Jones and Eric Sprunk who have to present their findings†¦show more content†¦This is dangerous for all of those to live and travel to these communities. Nike along with the other companies have a corporate responsibility that their manufacturing process is safe and not hazardous to unsuspecting citizens. Failure to make a change could harm people and ultimately result in massive lawsuits and large amounts of negative publicity which could reduce Nike and others profitability also affecting the stock holders. As a manager I would look to set up a partnership with the other manufacturers, pose it as a greater good for the world, companies can unite to bring about great change. I would want to work with these other companies, find out what they have come up with and work together to reach zero waste. Puma has agreed to the same goal, if they have not changed what they told Greenpeace they must be doing something right. Working together would reduce the duplication of efforts, it would help make the investment dollars go further and help make the world a clean place. As a manager I would also seek to work with Greenpeace, having them as a partner would help to provide new ideas and help to show the effort being put forth to reach this goal. Working with Greenpeace can only help in this situation. I would want to make every effort to try and reach that goal before going to Greenpeace stating that this goal was too ambitious because that would result in worldwide protests giving more negative publicity to theShow MoreRelatedNike : Sustainability And Labour Practises1217 Words   |  5 Pagesmay question the sustainability of an organisations. Sustainability of organisations, nations, humanity is becoming a primary goal of the individuals and groups in all the different sectors anyone can think of. Leaders are very keen to launch new sustainability initiatives on a daily basis in order to make the surroundings more sustainable in nature. So now in this report which is based on the case study of â€Å"Nike: sustainability and labour practises†. This case illustrates that Nike was found guiltyRead MoreCase Study : Managing Ethical Organization1377 Words   |  6 PagesSteptoe BUSI-472 Case Assignment 2 November 26, 2014 Case Review: Managing Ethical Missteps—Sweatshops to Leadership in Employment Practices †¢ Why did Nike fail to address corporate social responsibility early on? The Nike brand was created in 1972, and renamed to Nike in 1978, and has since grown to be the largest worldwide seller of athletic goods, with approximately 168 Nike stores in the United States and a presence in about 160 countries. (Ferrell, O.., 2003) During the time Nike brand was createdRead MoreThe Sustainability Revolution1666 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The sustainability revolution is nothing less than a rethinking and remaking of our role in the natural world. Revolution is far reaching and is having a profound impact shaping everything from the places we live and work to the foods we eat and the endeavors we pursue as individuals and as communities (Edwards, 2005).† This author views corporate social responsibility as the guiding light for the sustainability revolution. This revolution includes all the ways that substantiality and corporateRead MoreThe Pillars Of Good Corporate Governance Framework2439 Words   |  10 Pagesmeaningful stakeholder governance prog rammes’. Therein lies huge dependencies on certain stakeholders having such capacities. All that said, overall, including stakeholder governance as one of the pillars of good corporate governance framework can result in a more comprehensive understanding of corporate risk and opportunity, drive learning, innovation and performance while contributing to a strong reputation and prosperity over time. In fact, it is said that stakeholder governance has the potential toRead MoreEssay about Bus 4991941 Words   |  8 PagesNike Inc. BUS 499 Strayer University Identify the company’s mission, vision, and primary stakeholders. Nike was founded by Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight. The two men met when Bowerman was coaching track and field at the University of Oregon and Knight was a middle distance runner on his team. After earning an MBA from Standford, Knight returned to Oregon and approached Bowerman with an idea to bring in low priced, high-tech athletic shoes from Japan to compete in the United StatesRead MoreIntroduction Traditionally, financial reporting discloses only financial information to determine2600 Words   |  11 Pagesnon-financial impacts for example the impacts on the environment and community. Hence, Triple Bottom Line (TBL) which was first described in 1994 by John Elkington can be an ideal integrated approach that fit in to this approach in order to support the sustainability growth of the companies. Triple Bottom Line incorporate three dimension of performance and measurement namely social (people), environment (planet) and financial (profit) which attached to the theory of sustainable development reporting. It isRead MoreAuret van Heerden is the President of the Florida Labor Association1034 Words   |  4 Pagesto be conducted. Internal governance is important and inexpensive and when put in place and should be a win-win for everyone including the supplier. Nike has become one of those global companies targeted by a broad range of campaigning NGOs and journalists as a symbolic representation of the business in society. In Nike’s case, the issues are those of human rights and conditions for workers in factories in developing countries. In the face of constant accusations, Nike has developed a consideredRead MoreWhy Nike Kicks Butt in Sustainability3007 Words   |  13 Pagesfor instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier’s archiving and manuscript policies are encouragedRead MoreThe Sustainability Strategy of Nike Company Essay2748 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction and the objective of the study Nike is one of the biggest footwear and apparel manufacturing companies in the word. The company came into existence in 1964 by Bill Boweman and Phil Knight and named it as the Blue Ribbon Sports. The company changed the name to Nike, which is Greek word meaning victory, in 1972 after producing a good brand of shoes that became popular among the athletes (NIKE, Inc., 2001). Since then, the company has been successful, dominating the world market of athleticRead MoreMGMT 479 UNDER ARMOUR Powerpoint Group Essay1065 Words   |  5 Pagesfor more details ïÆ'‘ Board of Directors ïÆ'“ ïÆ'“ ïÆ'‘ Included eight members within the timeframe of the Case period Varied backgrounds, most serving since 2004 or earlier Top Management ïÆ'“ ïÆ'“ ïÆ'“ ïÆ'“ Eight executives made up UA’s top management team Founder Kevin Plank was President, CEO, and Chairman of the Board Divided into operational departments Very experienced in the industry Corporate Governance *See note section for more details ïÆ'‘ Natural Environment ïÆ'“ ïÆ'“ Rapid growth in performance based

Miami University Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

Miami University is a public research university with an acceptance rate of 75%. Located in Oxford, Ohio and founded in 1909, Miami University is one of the oldest universities in the country. For its strengths in the liberal arts and sciences, Miami University was awarded a chapter of the prestigious  Phi Beta Kappa  Honor Society. The university also appears among the top Ohio colleges and the top Midwest colleges. In athletics, the Miami University RedHawks compete in the NCAA Division I  Mid-American Conference  (MAC). Considering applying to Miami University? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, Miami University had an acceptance rate of 75%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 75 were admitted, making Miami Universitys admissions process somewhat competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 30,126 Percent Admitted 75% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 17% SAT Scores and Requirements Miami University requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 28% of admitted student submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 590 670 Math 610 710 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of Miami Universitys admitted students fall within the top 20% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to Miami University scored between 590 and 670, while 25% scored below 590 and 25% scored above 670. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 610 and 710, while 25% scored below 610 and 25% scored above 710. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1380 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at Miami University. Requirements Miami University does not require the SAT writing section or SAT Subject tests. Note that Miami University participates in the scorechoice program, which means that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT test Dates. ACT Scores and Requirements Miami University requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 82% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 25 33 Math 25 30 Composite 26 31 This admissions data tells us that most of Miami Universitys admitted students fall within the top 18% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to Miami University received a composite ACT score between 26 and 31, while 25% scored above 31 and 25% scored below 26. Requirements Miami University does not require the ACT writing section. Unlike many universities, Miami University superscores ACT results; your highest subscores from multiple ACT sittings will be considered. GPA In 2018, the middle 50% of Miami Universitys incoming class had high school GPAs between 3.59 and 4.18. 25% had a GPA above 4.18, and 25% had a GPA below 3.59. These results suggest that most successful applicants to Miami University have primarily A and B grades. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph Miami University Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to Miami University. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances Although Miami University in Oxford, Ohio accepts three-quarters of applicants, most successful applicants have grades and test scores that are above average. However, Miami University has a holistic admissions process involving other factors beyond your grades and test scores. A strong application essay and glowing letters of recommendation can strengthen your application, as can participation in meaningful extracurricular activities, work experience, and a rigorous course schedule. At Miami University legacy status can also play a role in the admissions process. In the graph above, the blue and green dots represent accepted students. As you can see, students who got in tended to have high school averages of B or higher (A or A- is more common), ACT composite scores of 23 or higher, and SAT scores of 1100 or higher (ERWM). Higher test scores and grades obviously improve your chances of getting an acceptance letter, and almost all students with A averages and above average ACT scores were admitted. All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and Miami University Undergraduate Admissions Office.

Transcendentalism Free Essays

Jess Ms. K Accelerated English 10A 26 November 2012 Transcendentalism Final Paper Eras pass, cultural views die out, and society evolves. While this occurs, we still have transcendental views, which are from the mid 1800s, in society whether we realize it or not. We will write a custom essay sample on Transcendentalism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Transcendentalism is a group of ideas in literature and philosophy developed in the 1830s and 1840s. It protested against the general state of culture and society. The idea was that spiritual reality transcends the scientific and is knowledgeable through intuition. Transcendentalists were idealistic, optimistic, and believed people already had everything they needed in life. In our culture today transcendental views are still expressed through media like the song â€Å"Live Like We’re Dying† Kris Allen, the movie â€Å"My Sister’s Keeper,† and the song â€Å"You’re Only Human† by Billy Joel. â€Å"Live Like We’re Dying† by Kris Allen is one example of transcendentalism in media today. This song fits transcendentalism because it is all about living everyday like it is our last, so we are sure to live life to its fullest. Live Like We’re Dying† is rally for people to not waste a minute of their lives and to be productive. Allen writes about how people only have so much time in their lives because they don’t live forever; as humans, who have a limited amount of time, it is necessary to use every second of it without regrets. Allen sings, â€Å"So if your life flashed befo re you, what would you wish you would’ve done†¦ Looking at the hands of time we’ve been given here This is all we got and we gotta start thinkin’ it Every second counts on a clock that’s tickin’ Gotta live like we’re dying† (Allen). This supports Allen’s cry to society that we can all use our time wisely and live like we’re dying (Allen). In the short story â€Å"Rip Van Winkle† by Washington Irving the main character, Rip, avoids his life and ends up sleeping away twenty years. Irving writes, â€Å" Foe Rip Van Winkle was old and gray, and twenty summers had passed away – – Yes, twenty winters of snow and frost – Had he in his mountain slumber lost†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Irving). This is showing what can happen when we waste our lives; we end up unfulfilled and unsatisfied. An aphorism, or truth about life, that was written by Ralph Waldo Emerson, â€Å"insist on yourself; never imitate† (Emerson) is a prime example of being ourselves and choosing what we want to do, so we will have fulfillment in our future. The movie, â€Å"My Sister’s Keeper† also had transcendental influences. In the movie, Anna is brought into the world to be a genetic match for her sister, Kate, who is suffering from acute promyelocytic leukemia, or cancer in the blood and bone marrow. When asked to donate on of her kidneys, Anna refuses and sues her parents for medical emancipation. Before the case is closed, we find our Kate asked Anna to sue their parents; also, Kate gets a burst of energy and trying to live her life while she can, goes to the beach with her family dies before the case is decided; we later learn Anna won. The film ends with the family at their new annual vacation, Montana, Kate’s favorite place in the world. In going to the beach Kate enjoys her life while she still can; she lived deliberately. In the short story â€Å"Walden† by Henry David Thoreau, Thoreau tires to live intentionally, to front only the essential facts of life, and to see if I could learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived† (Thoreau). Both Kate and Thoreau wanted to live their life with their choices and spend time while they still have time to spend. A final piece of media influenced by transcendentalism is the song â€Å"You’re Only Human† by Billy Joel. This portrays transcendentalism because it says we are only human so there will be bumps in the road of our lives but to stay positive and optimistic. Similarly, the song represented both of their characteristics. In the short story â€Å"Walden†, Thoreau writes, â€Å"I have several more lives to live, and could not spare any more time for that one† (Thoreau). This is like the song because it is about moving forward no matter what is in the past like a, â€Å"second wind† (Joel). Also an aphorism by Emerson says, â€Å"life only avails, not having lived† (Emerson). This means that everyone should live their own live, for people are only truly happy when they make decisions with confidence rather than fear. These all relate because they describe living life rather than running from it. Live Like We’re Dying†, â€Å"My Sister’s Keeper†, and â€Å"You’re Only Human† all provide examples of transcendentalism in our media today. Some people say transcendentalists were the first hippies, they’re right. Transcendentalists were something of their own, much like hi ppies. Coming our of a time period with strict views on society, transcendentalists were extremely iconoclastic. They did not conform to ordinary rules. Transcendentalists like Thoreau, believed in civil disobedience, a concept foreign traditional people. These are all important ideas to carry over into our modern era, for hey help the individual in ways other things cannot. How to cite Transcendentalism, Essay examples

Investment Evaluation of Renewla or Replacement of A Machine

Question: Discuss about the Investment Evaluation of Renewla or Replacement of a Machine. Answer: Introduction Lifestyle Furniture is a leading online retailer of solid hardwood furniture. The company provides a large variety of ranges of furniture and wishes to improve its production line by investing in new generation craft machinery. The company is in a dilemma whether to renew the existing machinery or replace it with a new one. Relevant cash flows have been developed for both the options and the respective NPV, IRR and PI have been calculated to decide which option is better in terms of profitability and timely return of investment. An NPV profile has been developed for both the options to see which has a better NPV profile. The incremental cash flows have been later adjusted for the effect of inflation. A base case scenario has been performed for both the alternatives where the companys expected profits have been considered as the base case and depending on these profits, the sales and operating and maintenance costs have been adjusted to see the changes in NPV and other NPV techniques. Investment Evaluation Incremental Operating Cash Flows The incremental operating cash flows have been prepared for both the alternatives by deducting all operating outflows like raw material, overhead, operating costs, advertising and marketing expenses, depreciation and interest on bank loan. The net income has been calculated after deducting taxes. The operating cash flows have been calculated by adding depreciation to net income. The net cash flows have been discounted by the cost of capital. The initial investment for alternative 1 comprises of cost of renewal, opportunity cost of not selling the machine and increase in working capital. The initial investment for alternative 2 comprises of cost of new machine, after tax proceeds from sale of old machine and increase in working capital. There is a terminal cost at the end of the project which includes all the cash flows on liquidation. The table of incremental cash flows is given in the appendices. NPV, IRR and PI Alternative 1 Alternative 2 NPV $ 2,60,512 $ 6,32,774 IRR 54% 82% PI 2.5 3.5 Based on the above incremental cash flow analysis, the company should opt for alternative 2 as it has higher NPV. A project with positive NPV is acceptable and higher the NPV the better it is. Also if the IRR is more than the required rate of return, the project is acceptable. A profitability index of more than 1 is acceptable. Since both the projects have positive results but since alternative 2 has higher NPV, IRR and PI the company should opt for replacing the old machine with a new one. NPV and IRR profile NPV profile is the graphical representation of NPV at different required rates of return. The below graph represents the NPV profile for both the alternatives at given required rates of return: From the above table we see that alternative 2 has a better NPV at all levels of required rates of return. The alternative 2 NPV line lies above the 1st alternative throughout. Hence we can say that there is no conflict in ranking between NPV and IRR because at all levels of IRR, alternative 2 only has better NPV and hence is preferred. Impact of Inflation Due to an inflation of 3.5% p.a, there is an increase in the operating and maintenance costs, advertising and marketing costs and overhead costs. Due to an increase in the above costs, there would be change in incremental operating net cash flows for both the alternatives. The cash flows will reduce. Due to a decrease in net operating cash flows, the NPV, IRR and PI will decrease for both the alternatives. The new operating incremental cash flows and capital budgeting techniques are given in appendices. The change in NPV, IRR and PI is presented in the table below: Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Before Inflation After Inflation Before Inflation After Inflation NPV $ 2,60,512 $ 2,22,359 $ 6,32,774 $ 5,96,510 IRR 54% 48% 82% 78% PI 2.5 2.3 3.5 3.3 Base Case Scenario The base case here would be the expected profits of the company for the next five years which is $130000 in the first year and a 2.9% increase every year. The base case scenario does not apply to alternative 1 because the total net income for the project is $627,842 whereas the total expected profits are $688,809. Since the base case profits are more than project 1 profits, hence the scenario does not apply. For alternative 2, the sales and operating and maintenance costs have been altered to make the project just feasible for the company. The changes are presented in the table below: Sales Operating and maintenance costs % change Decrease by 18.24% Increase by 167% Total Net Profit $688797 $688815 NPV $283282 $269184 IRR 47% 44% PI 2.1 2.1 From the above table we see that sales were reduced by 18% to bring the project to being just feasible. This reduced the NPV, IRR and PI of the project. Even though the above items have reduced but the project is still feasible to the company because the NPV is positive, IRR is more than required rate of return and PI is more than 1. There is a huge change in operating and maintenance costs. The costs were increased by 167% to make the project just feasible for the company. This means that this cost is low as compared to other costs. Leasing Decision Lease can be either Operating lease or a Financial Lease. Under operational lease, the ownership of the asset is never transferred to the lessee whereas under financial lease the ownership of the asset is transferred at the end of lease term. Leasing is advantageous in term of tax savings. Lease rental is tax deductible, so is the depreciation. Since ownership rights are not available with the company, it is not advisable to go for lease as for tax savings depreciation is available and purchase of asset increases the companys assets. The operating lease is for a short term and hence for a project 5 years if operation, the lease would have to be renewed which is expensive and time consuming. Operating lease is considered an expense for the company whereas finance lease is considered a liability. An increased liability affects the credibility of the company in terms of acquiring a loan; hence the same is not advisable. Moreover, Lifestyle furniture is a profit making company and hence should use its earnings for purchase of asset rather than opting for a lease. WACC The weighted average costs of capital have been calculated using the book value and market value weights. The WACC is presented below: Book Value Market Value Source of Capital costs Book Value Weights Cost of capital Market Value Weights Cost of capital Long term debt 6% 4000000 0.784 0.032 3840000 0.55 0.02 preference share capital 13% 40000 0.007 0.001 60000 0.008 0.001 ordinary share equity 17% 1060000 0.207 0.035 3000000 0.434 0.073 Total 5100000 6.9% 6900000 9.8% The WACC is higher for market value weights of the different source of capital. This is because the cost of equity is the highest and the market value weights of equity is higher as compared to book value weight, thus a high weighted cost of equity has led to an overall increase in WACC. The preference share capital hardly has any effect on the WACC. Conclusion/ Recommendation On the basis of the above analysis, it is clear that the company should opt for alternative 2 of replacing the old machine with the new one. This is because the proposal has a higher NPV, IRR and PI. Also one of the main reasons is that alternative 1 of renewing the existing machine does not satisfy the base case scenario of the company of the minimum profits the company is expecting in the next five years. The total profits are lower than the expected profits. Whereas alternative 2 will be able to generate more than the total expected profits of the firm. Hence, the company should go ahead with replacing the old machine with a new one. Appendices Incremental Cash Flows NPV and IRR Profile Impact of Inflation Base case Scenario

Why I want to be a Nurse free essay sample

Choosing the career of my future was one of the toughest decisions I had to make. During my underclassmen years, while many of my peers had already chosen the career path they wanted to pursue, I still was struggling to make a decision. By the end of junior year, with no clear career goal in mind, I was really starting to panic. It was not until I started watching a certain youtubers vlog that I became interested in nursing. This youtuber had recently been diagnosed with cancer and in his vlogs he talked about how the staff at the hospital, especially the nurses, was extremely caring and helped him through that difficult time in his life. There were several times when he would get emotional thanking the nurses for all they had done. I realized how I wanted to be able to help someone in the way the nurses had helped him. We will write a custom essay sample on Why I want to be a Nurse or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I have always dreamed of a career which I would truly enjoy for the rest of my life and I believe nursing is that career. Nursing, as a profession would be a personally rewarding job in many aspects and also set me up for a successful career for my future. I want to be a nurse because I enjoy being around people in their times of need and I get internal satisfaction by serving those that need help. I believe that if I fully devote my life to achieving this goal I can become a wonderful addition to the medical field and make a difference. Nursing to me is more than a profession it is an art. I believe that caring is the essence of nursing, and that it goes beyond just science. Being a nurse means helping patients find deeper meanings to their illnesses and suffering so that they are able to understand themselves better and are able to heal. Thus, I believe that if I am to become a nurse I have to be consciously engaged in caring for the patients if I am to connect and establish relationships that work to promote my patient’s health and healing. I look forward to forming these relationships .

The Role of Supply Chain Risk Management in Ensuring Smooth Functioning

The Role of Supply Chain Risk Management in Ensuring Smooth Functioning Introduction A number of issues such as changes in product design, branding and employee are likely to cause risks that threaten supply chain. Risk management in this field is a fundamental activity at the executive level in most organizations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Supply Chain Risk Management in Ensuring Smooth Functioning specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Several studies have developed various models and theories that attempt to provide an explanation of the need for supply chain management in reducing risks. The purpose of this paper is to review and analyze some research articles from various authors with an aim of exploring theories and models developed over the last few decades. Model and theory analysis: Review of research Lin and Zhou (2011) carried out a study to address the impact that product design changes have on supply chain, with a special focus on the risks involved. Using a case study, the researchers developed some concepts that attempt to explain how supply chain runs under risks when the product design changes significantly. The theory attempts to show that such changes predispose an organization to a number of risks in supply, policy and delivery. Moreover, this theory suggests that change in product design leads to an array of risks at the internal level, which in this case involves research and design, production, planning, organization and information. This theory seems to indicate that any change in the product design that may have a significant impact on the customer and retailers perception of a product is likely to expose the supply chain system to these risks, which means that both customer-requested and company-initiated change in product design exposes the supply chain system to these risks. Using an in-depth longitudinal case study, Khan, Christopher and Burnes (2012 examined the impact of product design on the supply chain risk. The case st udy was based on a major cloth retailer in the United Kingdom. The researchers aimed to address the questions associated with the increasingly important issues of the impact of product design on the risks involved in supply chain management. The case study leads to a concept that was used to explain the impact of product design in the supply chain and the associated risks. The researchers theorize that risk management in supply chain is heavily dependent on the product design, where recognition of a design is a creative function of managing risks. In addition, the theory attempts to show that recognizing product design is a fundamental platform, on which risks are managed with ease and effectiveness.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This concept attempts to show that recognition of product design must be one of the major activities as well as requirements for risk m anagement at the executive level. In addition, this theory seems to have closer association with the theory developed by Lin and Zhou (2011), as both of them emphasize on the need to consider product design as one aspect or factor that may lead to risks as well as effective management of risks in the supply chain. Christopher and Peck have attempted to present a good analysis on how supply chain management can effectively control risks by building a resilient supply chain system. Although the research is an analysis of findings rather than an empirical study, it provides the reader with some important theories that attempt to explain how product design impacts the supply chain in modern organizations. An important model developed in this article is the argument that building a resilient supply chain depends on a number of features that can be engineered into the supply chain to improve resilience. Among these factors is the need to focus on product design, which should be incorporat ed into the general designing for the supply chains in organizations. In addition, the concept argues that product design plays a major role in the process of understanding the supply chain and its structure. According to the article, products are the major aspect of a supply process, which means that their nature and impact on the whole process are fundamental. Therefore, failure to focus on product design when engineering supply chains is likely to involve risks that threaten the integrity and effectiveness of a supply chain management in a globalized business environment. This theory is important in providing some background information on the need to focus on product design when managing and engineering supply chains. In fact, it shows the important role that product design plays in mitigating risks in supply chains. The article by Chopra and Sodhi (2005) is based on real-life examples of how risk management in supply chain poses threats to the business process in a modern busin ess environment. The authors used two cases in which an electricity supply plant operated by Royal Philips Electronics in Albuquerque, New Mexico, was hit by a lightning in 2000. The massive surge the impact of the lightning caused at the grid started a fire that completely destroyed the plant’s microchips. Nokia Corporation was one of the major customers of the Royal Philips at the time. The impact of the lightning caused a massive reduction in the number of microchips at the Royal Philips stock, which made corporations like Nokia and others find it difficult to deal with the company.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Supply Chain Risk Management in Ensuring Smooth Functioning specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, it is worth noting that Nokia Corporation had more than one supplier in its supply chain strategy, which made it possible to switch from ordering chips from the Royal Philips on a tem porary base. This proved effective in risk mitigation. On the other hand, the authors compared this situation with the impact of the problem at Telefon AB Ericsson Corporation, another major customer of the Royal Philips Corporation. This company had a single provider of chips in its supply chain. The company suffered from the problem, which led to a complete shut down of operations until the Royal Philips resumed production. From the two examples, the authors attempt to develop a theory, in which they explain the need for an effective design in the supply chain system. In this theory, the authors argue that corporations that use multiple designs for a product that is either sold or outsourced are likely to mitigate the risks involved when one product line or design is affected by any problem that may arise. In other words, this theory hypothesizes that multiple supply chain designs are more effective in risk management and mitigation than single-design supply chains. Supply chain m anagement in the process of supplying and delivering high risk products such as oil and gas proves to be one of the most crucial aspects of managers in these corporations. In fact, high risk but, at the same time, high profitable oil and gas production and supply provide a good example of how risk management in the supply chain can be enhanced with product design. Vosooghi, Fazli and Mavi (2012) used this example to develop additional concept of product design and its impact on supply chain management in the oil supply industry. The researchers use the fuzzy analytical hierarch process (FAHP) to weigh and analyze the risks related to crude oil supply chain. The study, carried in Iran, developed some theory that can be used to explain how risks can effectively be managed and mitigated in crude oil supply process. This model argues that regulation and environmental risks as well as cooperation polices can be viewed from a design perspective. Although the theory does not deal with prod uct design, the conclusions made in the article indicate that the way, in which the product is designed, usually influences the effectiveness of risk management in the supply chain.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The aerospace industry is another high-risk field that requires attention when studying risk management and product design. Sinha, Whitman and Malzahn (2004) developed a study, in which they aimed at explaining how risk management can be effected in aerospace industry. The researchers argue that most of the supply chain systems involve a single supplier, which is likely to increase risks involved. Therefore, risk management proves to be an important area of management in companies that adopt this system. The researchers’ aim was to develop a model that can mitigate risks in supply chains adopted by aerospace companies. The results of the study have provided some models that can be used to mitigate risks in these companies. According to the study, IDEF0 concept is a model that mitigates risks in the aerospace supply chains. The model has five stages: risk identification, risk assessment, planning, and failure analysis and continuous improvement. Although this model focuses on a number of issues, it is worth noting that the design of the products in the supply chain system is a fundamental aspect of the model. Tang (2007) published an article that explains the risks involved in supply chains and how they can be managed with effectiveness even during crisis. The researcher develops a model that attempts to show how supply chain managers can enhance the supply chain to navigate through major disruptions whenever they occur. According to this model, inherent fluctuations are the first aspect that increases the risks, which implies that they should be the first issues to address in management. Secondly, the model indicates that corporations must design and reengineer their supply chain systems to enhance resilience and the ability to withstand the impacts of major disruptions. In addition, the model indicates that enhancing residence is strongly linked to the process of retaining apprehensive customers. Goh, Lim and Meng (2007) developed a study, in which the y attempted to develop a model for enhancing risks management in globalized supply chain networks. The study, carried out in Singapore, provided a scholastic model that indicates the need for risk management in supply chain to reduce the threats involved in globalized organizations.The model, known as multi-stage global supply chain network, incorporates a number of supply chain aspects in a globalized business system. For instance, it considers a new focus on related risks such as supply, demand, disruption and exchange as the most important areas of focus in managing risks. In addition, the model provides a new solution methodology that makes use of Moreau-Yosida regulation, design and logarithm that enhances the process of risk management and mitigation in diagnosing risk associated problems in globalized and multi-staged networks. Although this model is difficult to implement, it is highly effective in managing and mitigating risks in supply chains. Sheffi (2001) takes a differe nt approach to developing a model for risk management and mitigation in supply chains. In this article, Sheffi (2001) takes an example of risks posed by terrorism as a major threat to modern supply chain systems. The author analyzes the companies that were affected by the 9/11 terrorist attacks in the US. Using several examples, the researcher develops a model for explaining the importance of supply chain management in risk mitigation. This model focuses on two issues. First, it argues that corporations must adopt strategies to set certain operational redundancies in order to enhance their preparedness for risks. Secondly, it focuses on reduction of reliability on lead time and certain demand scenarios. The model suggests that private public partnership is the best way, trough which companies can organize themselves into networks that will enhance risk management and mitigation. In 2007, American corporations IBM, KPMG and ACE sponsored a study with an aim of revealing the best prac tice for managing risks in supply chains. The researching institute, the Economic Intelligence Unit, developed a comprehensive study and a report that show their hypothesized model for managing supply chain risks in the modern concept. In its simplest form, the model suggests that risk management is a discipline that has moved from loss avoidance to assume a new position as the key contributor to market advantage. According to the model, this is achieved through improved corporate reputation and better stand among the companies with the role of oversight such as rating industries. In addition, the model hypothesizes that risk management in supply chains has become an area that needs both technology and workmanship, because ideas must be generated, devised and implemented. In addition, it indicates that technology is an additional source of risk for supply chains, especially at a time when supply of products has gone virtual thanks to the internet technology. However, the author†™s model does not imply that technology should be avoided. Rather, it suggests that technology and workmanship should be integrated to provide the best method for mitigating and managing risks in supply chains. Conclusion From this analysis, a number of aspects should be noted. For instance, the models developed over the years to enhance risk management in supply chains tend to focus on the product, product delivery and internal aspects of the management. They incorporate the ideas of understanding the risks, developing prior knowledge of the risks, ensuring everyone is involved, company-company or company-public sector relations and the use of technology. Although the models are different, most of them attempt to show that supply chain is one of the areas of corporate management that runs under high risks due to the link between the company and other parties in its supply chain system. Therefore, changes in product design, branding and employees are likely to cause risks that thr eaten supply chain. Risk management in this field is a fundamental activity at the executive level in most organizations. These models/theories have attempted to provide an explanation of the need for supply chain management in reducing risks. References Chopra, S Sodhi, M, 2005, â€Å"Managing Risk To Avoid Supply-Chain Breakdown†, MIT Sloan Management Review, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 53-64. Christopher, M Peck, H, 2004, â€Å"Building the resilient supply chain†, International Journal of Logistics Management, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 1-13, Economist Intelligence Unit, 2007, Best practice in risk management: A function comes of age, Economist Intelligence Unit, New York Goh, M, Limb, J Meng, 2007, â€Å"A stochastic model for risk management in global supply chain networks†, European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 182, no. 1, pp. 164–173 Khan, O, Christopher, M Burnes, B, 2012, â€Å"The impact of product design on supply chain risk: a case study†, International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management, vol. 38 no. 5, pp. 412-432 Lin, Y Zhou, L, 2011, â€Å"The impacts of product design changes on supply chain risk: a case study†, International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 162-186 Sheffi, Y, 2001, Supply Chain Management under the Threat of International Terrorism, International Journal of Logistics Management, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 1 – 11 Sinha, PR, Whitman, LE Malzahn, D, 2004, â€Å"Methodology to mitigate supplier risk in an aerospace supply chain†, Supply chain management: An international journal, vol.9, no. 2, pp. 154-168. Tang, C, 2007, â€Å"Robust strategies for mitigating supply chain disruptions†, International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications: A Leading Journal of Supply Chain Management, vol. 9, no.1, pp. 34-56. Vosooghi, M, Fazli, S Mavi, R, 2012, â€Å"Crude Oil Supply Chain Risk Management with Fuzzy Analyt ic Hierarchy Process†, American Journal of Scientific Research, vol. 12, no. 46, pp. 34-42

Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) - Research Paper Example Requirements consist of the applicant of court orders to ban advertising systems and payment services from carrying out business with the offending websites and search engines links to sites, and court orders demanding suppliers on the Internet to disallow accessing sites. The bill would expand the criminal law to consist of the unauthorized transmission of copyrighted material, setting a maximum penalty of 5 years imprisonment2. The bill has grave implications for the current structure of the Internet in every sense as it allows the Justice Department and the owners of intellectual property, obtain court orders against those sites or services that allow or facilitate the infringement of alleged copyright, including: Block by ISPs to the website or service in question, including hosting, and even DNS level (although this has been a discussion). Facilitate collection companies on the internet (like PayPal) to freeze funds and restrict the use of the service. Block the sites that provi de advertising services. For example, Google Adsense cannot offer web service complained if this law was to be approved. It should remove links to the web or service reported. The bill declares a criminal offense to unauthorized radio broadcast or other distribution of copyrighted content with the punishing of the guilty with the maximum penalty of imprisonment for a term of 5 years. ... Under the bill, any member of a network on the Internet – from service providers, search engines and even the advertisers – in fact, require treatment for any owner to stop providing services to the resource, accused of piracy, and to stop any interaction with them (for example, close the channel, pay for content, suspend the ad contract, to limit the effect of the payment system, delete the site from Google to remove links to the site, completely block a site to visit, to prohibit the payment systems (such as PayPal, Visa, etc.) to make payments in favor of services and so on); otherwise, any of the direct and indirect accused of counterparties site will be regarded as his partner. Under the eyes of this new law, merely to get on your wall a picture, document or video that has a copyright will be considered a crime. This bill was welcomed by the entertainment industry in the United States and members of both parties. The funny thing is that this kind of activity is man y times promoted by the entertainment industry itself since they are the same fans who virally promote their favorite artists through social networks. Supporters of the bill argue that it is necessary to maintain profit organizations, employment and intellectual property protection in their respective industries (movies, music, software, etc.), especially states that it will help deal effectively with services outside the U.S. outside their jurisdiction. According to them it provides a protection to the market for intellectual property, employment and income, and need to strengthen enforcement of copyright laws, especially against foreign Web sites. Alleging defects in existing laws do not include foreign sites owned and functioned, and cited examples of "active promotion of the websites